The nurse is teaching the parents of a 3 month-old infant about nutrition. What is the main source of fluids for an infant until about 12 months of age?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Betty Neuman's Systems Model views nursing as a unique profession focused on managing stressors that disrupt an individual's stability. Introduced in the 1970s, her theory categorizes stressors as intrapersonal (e.g., emotions), interpersonal (e.g., family dynamics), and extrapersonal (e.g., financial strain). Nurses assess these variables and use primary (prevention), secondary (treatment), or tertiary (recovery) interventions to maintain or restore wellness. This holistic approach contrasts with Johnson's behavioral focus, Watson's caring emphasis, and Parse's human becoming perspective. For example, a patient with diabetes might face intrapersonal stress (fear), interpersonal conflict (family support), and extrapersonal pressure (cost of insulin) Neuman's nurse addresses all three to stabilize the client's system. Her model's flexibility makes it widely applicable in community health and acute care, emphasizing nursing's role in comprehensive stressor mitigation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Ernestine Wiedenbach's Clinical Nursing A Helping Art Model, from the 1960s, frames nursing as an art aiding patients' needs e.g., teaching a diabetic self-injection. Swanson's caring, Hall's core-care-cure, and Zderad's humanistic focus differ. Wiedenbach's practical, patient-centered approach, with its ‘clinical' emphasis, guides nurses in purposeful interventions, impacting training and bedside care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A closed system, per systems theory, is isolated e.g., a candle dies under a glass from no oxygen input. Unlike open systems (Roy's humans), it doesn't allow matter, energy, or information exchange, making it a ‘sole island.' This contrasts with nursing's open-system patient care, highlighting environmental influence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gordon's Functional Health Patterns (1980s) assess stressors' impact on mind, body, and environment re: ADLs e.g., mobility post-stroke. Unlike head-to-toe (physical order), body systems (organ-based), or cephalocaudal (top-down), it's holistic, guiding nurses in comprehensive, function-focused care planning.