The nurse is taking the client's blood pressure. The physician asks for the pulse pressure. To obtain the pulse pressure, the nurse will have to do which of the following things?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pulse pressure is systolic minus diastolic pressure, reflecting arterial force, not requiring machines or pulse rates. Nurses calculate this for cardiovascular insight.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Explaining that vaginal pH stops many bacteria is true and educational, highlighting the body's natural defense against infections like bacterial vaginosis. Vinegar douches disrupt this balance, cranberry juice aids urinary health not vaginal, and medications aren't preventive norms. This empowers the client with knowledge, a key nursing role in infection prevention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Informed consent needs voluntariness (A), information (B), and competence (D), per legal standards not family approval (C). Family isn't required unless the client's incompetent. C's extra mandate misaligns, making it the non-requirement.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Dry nasal passages (A) are a common complication of prolonged nasal cannula use, as unhumidified oxygen dries mucosa, causing discomfort or bleeding. Hypoventilation (B) isn't typical with low-flow devices. Hyperoxygenation (C) requires higher flows. Infection risk (D) isn't direct. Humidification prevents this, per nursing care, ensuring patient tolerance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic conditions, unlike acute ones, are defined by persistence and complexity, shaping nursing care. They are rarely curable e.g., diabetes requires ongoing management, not resolution. They have a prolonged course, unfolding over years, demanding sustained interventions like medication or lifestyle adjustments. Their onset is typically slow, not rapid, as with hypertension developing gradually versus a sudden fracture. They don't resolve spontaneously; without care, they worsen think arthritis progressing without therapy. These traits incurability, chronicity guide nurses to focus on long-term strategies, education, and support, contrasting with acute care's quick fixes. Understanding this ensures tailored plans that mitigate impact, enhancing quality of life for clients facing enduring health challenges.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development underpins pediatric assessments of children's growth, focusing on eight stages tied to age-specific conflicts like trust versus mistrust in infancy. In a pediatric practice, a nurse uses this to gauge if a child's social and emotional milestones align with norms, assessing interactions or independence. Erikson integrates social, biological, and environmental factors, offering a lifespan lens ideal for children. Jean Watson's caring theory emphasizes interpersonal healing, not development. Martha Rogers' model centers on energy fields and client-environment interplay, less stage-focused. Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs prioritizes physical and psychological needs hierarchically, not age-based progression. Erikson's framework provides nurses a structured, age-sensitive tool to evaluate and support psychosocial health, critical for tailoring care to young clients' evolving capabilities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Implementing fall prevention measures is critical for an immobile patient's safety, involving tools like bed alarms, low beds, or assistance during transfers to mitigate risks in a controlled environment. Immobile patients can't walk independently, so promoting frequent movement isn't feasible and could increase danger. Physical or soft restraints, while sometimes considered, are last-resort options due to ethical and safety concerns, not primary safety strategies. Fall prevention directly addresses the vulnerability of those unable to reposition themselves, reducing injury risk a key nursing responsibility. This approach ensures a safe setting, balancing protection with patient dignity, and aligns with evidence-based practice to minimize harm in immobile populations.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Utilitarianism, founded by Bentham and Mill, judges actions by their consequences, aiming to maximize overall benefit. In healthcare, this might mean allocating resources to save more lives during a crisis. Formalism and deontology focus on duty, not outcomes, and transactional theory applies to management. Nurses apply utilitarianism in triage or policy decisions, weighing collective welfare, though it may conflict with individual rights, requiring careful ethical balancing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Sequential compression devices (A) prevent DVT in immobile SCI patients. Active exercise (B) isn't feasible. Anticoagulants (C) need orders. Massage (D) risks emboli. A is correct. Rationale: Compression enhances venous return, reducing stasis, per DVT prophylaxis in SCI, a standard intervention.