The nurse is reviewing the electronic health record of a patient with a history of incontinence. The nurse reads that the physician assessed the patients deep tendon reflexes. What condition of the urinary/renal system does this assessment address?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deep tendon reflexes (B) test sacral neurologic function, linked to bladder control. Calculi (A), BPH (C), and UTIs (D) aren't neurologic, making B the condition assessed.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hyperkalemia, a common complication of acute kidney injury, is life-threatening if immediate action is not taken to reverse it. The administration of polystyrene sulfonate reduces serum potassium levels.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Kidneys metabolize insulin; reduced function requires smaller doses.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus (D), specifically in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, then stored in the posterior pituitary. Juxtaglomerular cells (A) produce renin, anterior pituitary (B) releases ACTH, and adrenal cortex (C) makes aldosterone, making D correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The macula densa, part of the distal convoluted tubule, contacts juxtaglomerular cells at the afferent arteriole, forming the JGA to regulate renin (A). This anatomical feature is true, not false (B), making A correct.