ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with hypertension. To reduce sodium intake, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Canned soups are high in sodium, worsening hypertension fresh fruits, steamed vegetables, and broiled meats are low-sodium options. Nurses teach label reading, reducing cardiovascular strain, supporting blood pressure control in dietary management.
Question 2 of 5
The physician has ordered amoxicillin for a client with strep throat. The nurse should instruct the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking amoxicillin with a full glass of water aids absorption and reduces GI upset in strep throat stopping for a rash needs MD input, doubling doses risks toxicity, and gargling isn't related. Nurses ensure compliance, supporting infection resolution.
Question 3 of 5
Meaning of Barrett's esophagus is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous condition linked to chronic acid reflux. Normally, the esophagus has squamous epithelium, but in Barrett's, the lower esophagus (choice A) transforms into columnar epithelium (resembling intestinal lining) due to repeated injury, increasing adenocarcinoma risk. Upper esophagus involvement (choice B) isn't typical, as reflux affects the distal end. Cuboidal epithelium (choices C and D) isn't involved; columnar is the key change. A is correct, reflecting Barrett's pathology. Nurses educate on reflux management, monitor for dysphagia, and support endoscopic surveillance to detect early malignancy.
Question 4 of 5
According to GOMEZ classification, II-degree protein energy malnutrition refers to weight for age (%) of :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gomez classification grades protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by weight-for-age percentage. <60% (choice A) is III-degree (severe). 60-75% (choice B) is II-degree (moderate), indicating significant deficit needing intervention. 76-85% (choice C) is I-degree (mild). 86-90% (choice D) nears normal. B is correct, per standard PEM metrics. Nurses assess growth, provide supplements, and monitor recovery, preventing further decline.
Question 5 of 5
Icheanne then asked you, what is the first process that occurs in the inflammatory response after injury, You tell her:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The first process in the inflammatory response after injury is pavementation (C), where white blood cells (WBCs), primarily neutrophils, adhere to the vascular endothelium near the injury site. This occurs post-vasodilation, preparing for emigration. Phagocytosis (A) is the engulfment of pathogens, happening later after WBCs reach the tissue. Emigration (B) follows pavementation, as WBCs exit vessels into tissues. Chemotaxis (D) guides WBCs to the site via chemical signals but isn't the initial step. Pavementation marks the start of cellular involvement in inflammation, enabling subsequent migration and action, making C the correct choice for the earliest process.