ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 9
The nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client with hypertension. To reduce sodium intake, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Canned soups are high in sodium, worsening hypertension fresh fruits, steamed vegetables, and broiled meats are low-sodium options. Nurses teach label reading, reducing cardiovascular strain, supporting blood pressure control in dietary management.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse will teach clients to use which of the following groups from the food pyramid in the greatest amounts?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carbohydrates like grains form the food pyramid base, recommended most for energy, over vegetables, dairy, or proteins. Nurses teach this for balanced diets.
Question 3 of 9
The physician has ordered a culture and sensitivity on a client with a suspected wound infection. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Obtaining the culture before antibiotics ensures accurate identification of the causative organism in a suspected wound infection cleansing with Betadine or prioritizing sensitivity first skews results, and stat requests don't alter sequence. Nurses swab correctly, preserving pathogen viability, aiding effective treatment and preventing resistance in wound care.
Question 4 of 9
According to the Biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of Sister Callista Roy, Man, As a SOCIAL being is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) sees humans as biopsychosocial-spiritual beings. Socially, people share traits with some others e.g., community roles but differ psychologically (unique thoughts). Biologically and spiritually, humans are alike (e.g., physiology, faith capacity). This nuanced view guides nurses to tailor social support e.g., family counseling enhancing adaptive care.
Question 5 of 9
Which of the following statement is NOT a characteristic of Chronic pain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic pain persists post-healing (B), links to psychological issues (C), and disrupts ADLs (D), per chronic pain traits. Sudden onset (A) is acute pain's feature, not chronic's gradual or prolonged nature. A mismatches chronic pain's typical course, making it the correct non-characteristic per pain literature.
Question 6 of 9
The physician has ordered amoxicillin for a client with strep throat. The nurse should instruct the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taking amoxicillin with a full glass of water aids absorption and reduces GI upset in strep throat stopping for a rash needs MD input, doubling doses risks toxicity, and gargling isn't related. Nurses ensure compliance, supporting infection resolution.
Question 7 of 9
A client is diagnosed with a brain attack (cerebrovascular accident, CVA). The baseline vital signs are a pulse rate of 78 bpm and a blood pressure (BP) of 120/80 mm Hg. The nurse continues to monitor the vital signs and recognizes that which changes in vital signs indicate increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased ICP post-CVA shows Cushing's triad: bradycardia, hypertension, and widened pulse pressure. Pulse 50, BP 140/60 (A) fits this. B has high diastolic. C is near normal. D suggests shock. A is correct. Rationale: Bradycardia and widened pulse pressure reflect ICP's brainstem effect, a critical sign per stroke monitoring.
Question 8 of 9
According to GOMEZ classification, II-degree protein energy malnutrition refers to weight for age (%) of :
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gomez classification grades protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) by weight-for-age percentage. <60% (choice A) is III-degree (severe). 60-75% (choice B) is II-degree (moderate), indicating significant deficit needing intervention. 76-85% (choice C) is I-degree (mild). 86-90% (choice D) nears normal. B is correct, per standard PEM metrics. Nurses assess growth, provide supplements, and monitor recovery, preventing further decline.
Question 9 of 9
An 8-year-old is admitted with drooling, muffled phonation, and a temperature of 102°F. The nurse should immediately notify the doctor because the child's symptoms are suggestive of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drooling, muffled voice, and fever in an 8-year-old suggest epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway emergency requiring immediate physician notification for intervention like intubation. Strep throat lacks drooling, laryngotracheobronchitis features a barky cough, and tonsillitis doesn't typically muffle speech. Nurses act swiftly, recognizing this triad as a red flag for rapid airway obstruction.