ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is providing a 68-year-old client with health promotion activities. Which vaccine will the nurse recommend for the prevention of bacterial pneumonia?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pneumococcal vaccine (D) prevents bacterial pneumonia, targeting Streptococcus pneumoniae, per CDC for ages 65+. Meningococcal vaccine (A) prevents meningitis, not pneumonia. Flu vaccine (B) reduces viral pneumonia risk but not bacterial directly. TDAP (C) addresses pertussis, not S. pneumoniae. The document's answer (D) fits PCV13/PCV15 protects against 70% of invasive pneumococcal disease in the elderly, unlike A's focus or B's indirect effect.
Question 2 of 5
Which one of the following statements is false about the trachea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The trachea's false statement is 'it is covered by epiglottis.' The epiglottis, a laryngeal flap, covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food entry, not the trachea itself it sits above. The trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support, keeping it open, true. It splits into right and left bronchi, not lungs directly, but this is anatomically accurate enough. 'None' is incorrect one is false. The trachea conducts air to the bronchi, lined with cilia and mucus, and its independence from epiglottal coverage ensures unobstructed airflow, a key anatomical fact for airway management and respiratory function.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mediastinum is the anatomical region between the lungs, stretching from the sternum to the vertebral column and first rib to diaphragm, containing the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major vessels. The epicardium is the heart's outer layer, not a region. The abdominal cavity lies below the diaphragm, unrelated. The pericardium encases the heart within the mediastinum, not the broader space. This central compartment's role in housing vital structures makes it a critical anatomical landmark, key in thoracic surgery and understanding mediastinal pathology like tumors or infections.
Question 4 of 5
Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve, opening during systole to release oxygenated blood into the aorta, closing to prevent backflow. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, unrelated. The interventricular septum divides ventricles, not a passage. The bicuspid (mitral) valve admits blood into the ventricle, not out. This valve's half-moon shape optimizes ejection, a critical step in systemic circulation, essential in understanding cardiac output and conditions like aortic stenosis narrowing this exit.
Question 5 of 5
In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for _____ period of time.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac muscle fibers depolarize longer than skeletal muscle due to a prolonged plateau phase in their action potential, driven by calcium influx through L-type channels, lasting ~200-300 ms versus skeletal's ~2-5 ms. This extended depolarization ensures sustained contraction, preventing tetanus and allowing complete ventricular ejection per beat. Skeletal muscle's brief depolarization suits rapid, repeated motions. 'Same' ignores this distinction; cardiac's unique refractory period matches its continuous duty. This longer phase, key to heart rhythm, is critical in ECG interpretation and antiarrhythmic drug effects targeting calcium channels.