The nurse is preparing to teach a client with microcytic hypochromic anemia about the diet to follow after discharge. Which of the following foods should be included in the diet?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Eggs are high in iron, essential for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. 2. Iron is crucial for red blood cell production to improve anemia. 3. Eggs also provide protein and other nutrients needed for overall health. Summary: B, C, D are incorrect as they do not provide significant iron content required for treating microcytic hypochromic anemia. Lettuce, citrus fruits, and cheese may have other health benefits but are not specifically helpful for this type of anemia.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measuring hemoglobin or hematocrit levels in a blood sample. This is the most common way to confirm a diagnosis of anemia because anemia is characterized by a decrease in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels. By measuring these levels in a blood sample, healthcare professionals can determine if a patient's red blood cell count is below the normal range, indicating anemia. Choice B is incorrect because a cardiac stress test measures the heart's ability to respond to external stressors, not related to diagnosing anemia. Choice C is incorrect because measuring the number of red blood cells in a bone marrow sample is not the most common method for confirming anemia. Choice D is incorrect because visually examining the color of a blood sample is not a reliable or accurate method for diagnosing anemia.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Starting a 24- to 48-hour urine specimen collection. The Schilling test is used to diagnose pernicious anemia by evaluating vitamin B12 absorption. Collecting urine over 24-48 hours helps measure excretion of radioactive B12, indicating absorption. Administering methylcellulose (A) is not part of the Schilling test. Maintaining NPO status (C) is unnecessary for this test. Starting a 72-hour stool specimen collection (D) is not relevant as the test primarily focuses on urine collection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume). MCV measures the average volume of red blood cells, with the normal range being 82-98 fl. This parameter helps in determining the size of red blood cells. MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) measures the average amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) measures the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells, not size. RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) measures the variation in red blood cell size, not the average size. Therefore, MCV is the correct choice for determining the relative size of red blood cells.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypocupremia is a condition characterized by low levels of copper in the blood. Both osteoporosis and nephrotic disease can lead to copper deficiency, as they affect copper absorption and utilization. Similarly, sprue and celiac disease can also cause hypocupremia due to malabsorption issues. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as both A and B choices are conditions associated with hypocupremia. Choices C (cardiovascular disease, colon cancer) are not directly linked to copper deficiency, making them incorrect.