The nurse is preparing to collect an ordered urine sample for urinalysis. The nurse should be aware that this test will include what assessment parameters?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Urinalysis includes specific gravity (A), glucose (B), RBCs (C), and casts (D), but A is a key single parameter. BUN/creatinine (E) are serum tests, making A a core component.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Peritonitis is the most common and serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The first sign of peritonitis is cloudy dialysate drainage fluid, so prompt reporting to the primary care provider and rapid assessment for other signs of infection are warranted. Administration of an IV bolus is not necessary or appropriate and the physician would determine whether removal of the catheter is required. Flushing the catheter does not address the risk for infection.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Glomerulonephritis is often linked to streptococcal infections.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The renal cortex, the outer kidney layer, contains glomeruli and tubules, not pyramids (A), papillae (B), or calyces (C), which are in the medulla or pelvis. ‘None of the preceding' (D) fits, as these structures are absent from the cortex, making D correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a natriuretic hormone, is produced by the heart's atria, not kidneys (B), to reduce sodium and volume. Kidneys produce renin and erythropoietin, making False the correct answer over True (A).