The nurse is preparing to administer regular insulin to a client with type 1 diabetes. Before administering the insulin, the nurse should:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rotating the vial between hands mixes regular insulin gently, ensuring even suspension without denaturing it warming, shaking, or large needles risk potency loss or tissue damage. Nurses use this technique, confirming clarity, for safe, effective glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Repositioning an immobile patient primarily aims to prevent pressure ulcers by relieving pressure on skin over bony areas, like the sacrum or heels, and enhancing blood flow. Prolonged immobility risks tissue breakdown due to constant compression, making regular movement a cornerstone of preventive care in nursing. While shifting positions can secondarily support joint mobility, this isn't the main goal specific exercises target that more effectively. Building muscle strength requires active effort beyond repositioning, and though respiratory benefits may occur, they're addressed through targeted interventions like breathing exercises. This focus on skin integrity reflects nursing's priority to mitigate a common, severe complication of immobility, ensuring patient safety and comfort through proactive care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coffee, carrot sticks, and roast beef suit renal calculi prevention, avoiding oxalate-rich (cocoa, spinach) or calcium-binding (tea, peanut butter) foods cola's phosphates also risk stones. Nurses teach low-oxalate diets, reducing recurrence, supporting kidney health in at-risk clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For infants and young children, the vastus lateralis muscle located over the anterior thigh is the preferred site for intramuscular injections. This site is chosen for its large muscle mass and reduced risk of injury to major nerves and blood vessels. Infants have less developed muscle structures, making the vastus lateralis a safer and more effective site for injections compared to other sites like the deltoid, ventrogluteal, or dorsogluteal. Using the correct injection site is essential to prevent complications and ensure the proper absorption of the medication.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Patient rights are legal and ethical entitlements (B), per standards e.g., consent, privacy. Not nurse-given (A), not temporary (C), not rules (D) inherent protections. B best defines rights' basis, like Mr. Gary's care expectations, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Subjective data consists of information reported by the patient, reflecting their personal experiences, sensations, or perceptions, which cannot be directly measured by the nurse. The statement 'I feel pain when urinating' is a classic example, as it conveys the patient's subjective sensation of pain, reliant on their verbal report rather than objective observation. This type of data is crucial for understanding symptoms like pain or discomfort that lack visible signs. In contrast, a heart rate of 68 beats per minute is objective, measurable via pulse check. Yellowish sputum and noisy breathing are also objective, observable through sight and sound during assessment. Subjective data, like the patient's pain report, enhances the nurse's ability to assess holistic needs, guiding further inquiry or intervention, such as checking for urinary tract issues, making it distinct from observable, objective findings.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The National Student Nurses' Association (NSNA) is a student-led organization designed to support nursing students' professional development, and understanding its purpose is key for students. The correct statement, that it provides programs of current professional interest, reflects its role in offering educational events, leadership opportunities, and resources tailored to students' needs, preparing them for their future careers. The NSNA does not primarily focus on improving public health, which is more aligned with bodies like the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. It is not run by registered nurses but by students themselves, emphasizing peer leadership and engagement. Additionally, it is student-funded through membership dues, not supported by the national government. This distinction highlights the NSNA's unique position as a grassroots organization fostering professional growth, networking, and advocacy among nursing students, ensuring they are well-equipped to enter the profession with relevant skills and knowledge.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Discharge planning should begin upon the client's admission to the care facility. This early start allows the healthcare team to conduct assessments, set goals, and coordinate services for a smooth transition back home or to the community. Initiating discharge planning early ensures timely arrangements, leading to optimal outcomes and continuity of care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because waiting until one week before discharge, after the discharge date is identified, or until the client brings up the topic may lead to rushed decision-making, inadequate arrangements, and a less effective transition process.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pressurized steam enhances penetration, ensuring thorough sterilization.