The nurse is preparing discharge instructions for the parents of a young child recovering from pneumonia. Which information should the nurse provide to help prevent the reoccurrence of the disease?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Complete all prescribed medications' (B) prevents pneumonia recurrence by eradicating pathogens (e.g., S. pneumoniae), per AAP guidelines. Reporting symptoms (A) is reactive, not preventive. Vaccinations (C) protect long-term but not immediate recurrence. Rest (D) aids recovery, not prevention. The document's answer (B) ensures antibiotic compliance unfinished courses (e.g., 5 vs. 10 days) risk resistant bacteria, distinguishing it from A's monitoring or C's future focus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The larynx is multifunctional: it houses vocal cords for sound, its epiglottis prevents pathogens and food from entering the trachea during swallowing, and its cartilaginous structure (e.g., thyroid cartilage) connects the pharynx to the trachea, forming the airway's gateway. All statements are true. It filters air via mucus and reflexes like coughing, while its cartilage ensures patency. This triple role phonation, protection, conduction makes it a respiratory linchpin, vital in speech and airway defense, a comprehensive view essential for understanding laryngeal anatomy and clinical issues like laryngitis or choking.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The heart's apex, its lower tip, points left of the midline, typically at the fifth intercostal space, reflecting its leftward tilt in the chest about two-thirds lie left of the sternum. Midline alignment is rare, as is rightward pointing (dextrocardia, a congenital anomaly). Gender doesn't alter this orientation is consistent. This leftward apex, formed by the left ventricle, aligns with the heart's pumping role, detectable in pulse checks, a key anatomical feature in physical exams and imaging, distinguishing normal from pathological positioning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ventricular contraction (systole) forces blood into arteries the left ventricle into the aorta, the right into the pulmonary trunk via semilunar valves, initiating circulation. Capillaries receive blood later, after arterioles. Veins return blood to the heart, not from ventricles. Atrioventricular valves (tricuspid, mitral) close during systole, preventing backflow into atria, not directing outflow. This arterial ejection, driven by ventricular pressure, is the heart's pumping essence, key in cardiac cycle dynamics and assessing output in heart failure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Systole is the cardiac cycle phase when a chamber (atria or ventricles) contracts, raising pressure to eject blood ventricular systole pushes blood into the aorta/pulmonary trunk. Filling occurs during diastole, when chambers relax and fill. Repolarization is an electrical event, not a mechanical phase. Diastole is relaxation, opposite to contraction. Systole's pressure rise, peaking at ~120 mmHg in the left ventricle, drives circulation, a core concept in the cardiac cycle, critical in understanding blood flow dynamics and conditions like systolic dysfunction.