The nurse is preparing a patient for surgery. Aims of assessment before surgery include

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Preoperative assessment aims to establish the patient's baseline of normal function vital signs, labs, and health history to anticipate and prevent postoperative complications like infection or respiratory failure. This baseline guides anesthesia dosing and surgical planning, ensuring deviations (e.g., hypoxia) are quickly recognized. Planning postoperative care, educating the patient and family, and gathering equipment are critical but follow this initial step they're interventions, not the assessment's primary purpose. By documenting norms like respiratory rate or cardiac status, the nurse sets a reference for intraoperative and postoperative monitoring, reducing risks tied to individual variability. This foundational data collection aligns with safety protocols, enabling tailored care throughout the perioperative process.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: With obstructive sleep apnea, the nurse monitors for choking and noisy, irregular respirations signs of airway obstruction post-anesthesia. Anesthesia weakens pharyngeal muscles, and sleep apnea's baseline obstruction worsens this, risking hypoxia. Shallow respirations suggest depression, not obstruction. Pain reports are expected but unrelated to apnea. Disorientation may hint at hypoxia but isn't specific. Monitoring these respiratory signs ensures timely intervention (e.g., repositioning, oxygen), critical for this high-risk patient, per postoperative airway management standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Personality describes the consistent patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that define how an individual reacts to life's challenges and situations, making each person unique. 'Personality,' is correct because it aligns with this definition, as articulated by Gordon Allport, who viewed personality as a dynamic organization of traits influencing responses. 'Relationship,' refers to connections between people, not individual response patterns. 'Socialization,' is the process of learning societal norms, not the resulting behavioral habits. 'Interaction,' denotes specific exchanges with others, not a stable, habitual trait. Personality's emphasis on enduring, individual-specific responses matches the question's focus on habitual ways, distinguishing it from situational or process-oriented terms. Psychological research, including the Big Five personality traits, reinforces that personality governs how individuals consistently handle life's situations, making A the precise answer over the less relevant alternatives.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facultative anaerobes are microorganisms capable of thriving with or without oxygen, adapting their metabolism accordingly. 'Facultative anaerobes,' is correct because it describes organisms like Escherichia coli, which use aerobic respiration when oxygen is present and switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration when it's absent. 'Obligate anaerobes,' require an oxygen-free environment, as oxygen is toxic to them. 'Strict anaerobes,' is a synonym for obligate anaerobes, also unable to tolerate oxygen. 'Obligate aerobes,' depend entirely on oxygen for growth, incapable of surviving without it. The flexibility of facultative anaerobes, documented in microbiology (e.g., Brock Biology of Microorganisms), distinguishes them from the rigid requirements of the other options, making C the precise answer for organisms that can handle both conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as writing documents or analyzing data. 'Application software,' is correct because it includes tools like Microsoft Word or Excel, directly fulfilling user needs, as per software classification (e.g., Pressman's Software Engineering). 'Work done software,' is not a standard term. 'Micro software,' is undefined and likely a misnomer. 'Microsoft work,' seems to mean Microsoft Word,' but it's too specific and not a category. Application software's user-facing functionality—unlike system software's hardware focus—makes A the accurate answer, reflecting its role in enabling practical tasks.