The nurse is preparing a patient for a surgical procedure on the right great toe. Which of the following actions would be most important to include in this patient's preparation?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ascertaining the surgical site is correctly marked per universal protocol with indelible ink prevents wrong-site surgery, a critical error with severe consequences, making it most important. Marking the right great toe ensures surgical precision, mandated for all invasive procedures. Family location aids communication but isn't safety-critical. A clean gown and removing hairpins/cosmetics are standard but less urgent than site verification. The nurse's focus on this step upholds patient safety, aligning with Joint Commission standards to eliminate procedural mistakes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A healthy carrier is someone who harbors and can transmit an infectious agent without showing symptoms, including during the incubation period before illness manifests. 'Healthy carrier,' is correct because it fits this description, as seen with typhoid carriers like Mary Mallon, who spread disease unknowingly. 'Convalescent carrier,' refers to someone recovering from illness who still sheds pathogens, not during incubation. 'Precocious carrier,' is not a standard term in epidemiology. 'Contact carrier,' is also not recognized; it might imply transmission via contact but lacks specificity to incubation. The healthy carrier's asymptomatic yet infectious state during incubation aligns with the question, supported by public health definitions from the CDC, distinguishing D as the accurate answer over less applicable or nonexistent terms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The CPU's control unit (CU) directs operations by managing task scheduling and timing, ensuring instructions are executed in sequence. 'Control Unit,' is correct because it fetches, decodes, and executes commands, coordinating the CPU's activities, as detailed in computer engineering texts (e.g., Patterson and Hennessy's Computer Organization). 'ALU' (Arithmetic Logic Unit), performs calculations and logic operations, not scheduling. 'Processor,' is the entire CPU, too broad to specify this role. 'Coordinator,' is not a standard CPU component. The CU's role as the traffic cop' of the processor, synchronizing data flow and instruction timing, distinguishes it from the ALU's computational focus or the processor's generality, making A the precise answer based on CPU architecture.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Veracity is the ethical principle obligating nurses to be truthful with patients, fostering trust. 'Veracity,' is correct because it directly ties to honesty, as per the ANA Code of Ethics, ensuring accurate information (e.g., about treatment risks). 'Beneficence,' is doing good, not truth-specific. 'Non-maleficence,' is avoiding harm, not about truthfulness. 'Fidelity,' is keeping promises, distinct from honesty. Veracity's focus on truthful communication—critical in patient-nurse relationships—distinguishes it, making D the precise answer, supported by ethical frameworks emphasizing transparency in care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Frusemide (furosemide), a loop diuretic, affects fluid and electrolyte balance, leading to specific side effects. 'Hypotension,' is correct because it causes rapid fluid loss, reducing blood volume and pressure, as per clinical pharmacology (e.g., Brunton's Goodman & Gilman). 'Hyperchloraemia,' is false; frusemide causes hypochloremia via chloride loss. 'Hypermagnesia,' is incorrect; it leads to hypomagnesemia. 'Tearing,' is unrelated to diuretic effects. Hypotension's prevalence as a documented adverse effect, especially in overdose or dehydration, distinguishes B as the accurate answer, reflecting frusemide's mechanism.