ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Course Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing a client with Addison's disease for discharge. The nurse should tell the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Reporting excessive weight gain signals fluid retention in Addison's disease, indicating adrenal insufficiency worsening fluid limits, symptom-only dosing, and temperature avoidance aren't key. Nurses teach this, ensuring medication adherence, critical for managing this endocrine condition.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of CHF who complains of difficulty breathing when lying flat. The nurse documents this finding as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orthopnea, dyspnea when lying flat, is common in CHF due to fluid redistribution paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is sudden at night, exertion dyspnea is activity-related, and platypnea is rare. Nurses note this, adjusting position, aiding comfort in heart failure management.
Question 3 of 5
GFR is increased by :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) reflects kidney filtration capacity. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) (choice A) increases GFR by dilating afferent arterioles and constricting efferent ones, boosting filtration in response to high blood volume. Histamine (choice B) affects local inflammation, not GFR directly. Vasopressin (choice C) reduces GFR by conserving water via tubular reabsorption, not filtration. Endothelium (choice D) is a tissue, not a substance, and likely a typo (endothelin constricts vessels, lowering GFR). A is correct, as ANP's vasodilatory effect enhances GFR. Nurses monitor this in heart failure or hypertension, adjusting care for renal perfusion.
Question 4 of 5
Sunset sign is seen in the following condition:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sunset sign downward eye deviation exposing sclera indicates neurological issues. Pyloric stenosis (choice A) causes vomiting, not eye signs. Hydrocephalus (choice B) raises intracranial pressure, pressing the brainstem, causing sunset sign as cranial nerves (III/VI) are affected. Tetralogy of Fallot (choice C) is cardiac, unrelated. Seizures (choice D) may alter gaze but not consistently this way. B is correct, a classic hydrocephalus feature. Nurses note it, measure head circumference, and support shunt placement, addressing pressure.
Question 5 of 5
The client has a chronic tissue injury. Upon examining the client's antibody for a particular cellular response, Which of the following WBC component is responsible for phagocytosis in chronic tissue injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In chronic tissue injury, monocytes (D) are the key white blood cells (WBCs) for phagocytosis. They transform into macrophages, which persist in tissues, engulfing debris and pathogens over time. Neutrophils (A) dominate acute inflammation, arriving early but dying off quickly. Basophils (B) release histamine in allergic responses, not phagocytosis. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not chronic injury cleanup. Chronic conditions require sustained immune action, and monocytes/macrophages excel here, unlike the short-lived neutrophils of acute phases. This cellular adaptation to prolonged injury makes D the correct choice.