ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is planning patient teaching for a patient with ESKD who is scheduled for the creation of a fistula. The nurse would include which of the following in teaching the patient about the fistula?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The fistula joins an artery and a vein, either side-to-side or end-to-end. This access will need time, usually 2 to 3 months, to mature before it can be used. The patient is encouraged to perform exercises to increase the size of the affected vessels (e.g., squeezing a rubber ball for forearm fistulas). Two needles will be inserted into the fistula for each dialysis treatment.
Question 2 of 5
Match the description 'Active transport of sodium; water follows passively' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the proximal convoluted tubule (A), sodium is actively transported out, and water follows passively via osmosis due to osmotic gradients. The descending limb (B) is water-permeable, ascending limb (D) actively transports sodium without water, and collecting duct (C) adjusts water with ADH, making A the match.
Question 3 of 5
Incontinence refers to the inability to control micturition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Incontinence is the involuntary loss of bladder control (A), impairing micturition regulation, a true clinical definition. False (B) would deny this standard meaning, making A correct.
Question 4 of 5
True or False: The significant presence of red blood cells in the urine is normal and healthy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Red blood cells in urine (hematuria) indicate pathology (e.g., infection, stones), not normal health (B). True (A) contradicts this clinical sign, making False correct.
Question 5 of 5
The majority of reabsorption occurs in the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT (B) reabsorbs ~65% of filtrate (water, ions, nutrients) due to its surface area and transporters. Renal capsule (A) is structural, collecting duct (C) adjusts, and ascending limb (D) dilutes, making B the majority site.