ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is planning measures to decrease the incidence of chest pain for a client with angina pectoris. The nurse should do which intervention to effectively accomplish this goal?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of a client with angina pectoris, the correct intervention to decrease the incidence of chest pain is to provide a quiet and low-stimulus environment (Option A). This is because excessive noise, stimulation, or stress can exacerbate angina by increasing heart rate and blood pressure, leading to a higher oxygen demand by the heart muscle. By creating a calm and quiet environment, the nurse helps reduce these triggers and supports the client in managing their condition effectively. Encouraging the family to visit frequently (Option B) may provide emotional support but can also introduce additional stimuli and potential stress, which could worsen the client's angina symptoms. Similarly, encouraging the client to call friends and relatives daily (Option C) may lead to emotional stress or excitement, which are not conducive to managing angina. Recommending TV as a constant diversion (Option D) may not address the root cause of the chest pain and could even contribute to a sedentary lifestyle, which is not ideal for cardiovascular health. In an educational context, understanding the impact of environmental factors on cardiovascular health is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers. By choosing the appropriate interventions, like creating a quiet environment for a client with angina, nurses can help optimize patient outcomes and quality of life. This question highlights the importance of holistic care and individualized interventions based on the specific needs of clients with cardiovascular conditions.
Question 2 of 5
The client's B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level is 691 pg/mL. Which intervention should the nurse implement when providing care for the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated BNP levels are indicative of heart failure, which often causes fluid retention and weight gain. Taking daily weights and monitoring trends allows the nurse to assess for changes in fluid status. This intervention helps in evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment plan and identifying worsening heart failure symptoms early.
Question 3 of 5
A hypertensive client who has been taking metoprolol (Lopressor) has been prescribed to decrease the dose of the medication. The client asks the nurse why this must be done over a period of 1 to 2 weeks. In formulating a response, the nurse incorporates the understanding that abrupt withdrawal could affect the client in which way?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Precipitate rebound hypertension. When a client abruptly stops taking a beta-blocker medication like metoprolol, which is used to treat hypertension, it can lead to a sudden increase in blood pressure. This rebound effect occurs because the body has become reliant on the medication to help regulate blood pressure. By tapering the dose over 1 to 2 weeks, the body can gradually adjust to lower levels of the medication, reducing the risk of rebound hypertension. Option A) Result in hypoglycemia is incorrect because beta-blockers like metoprolol are not typically associated with causing hypoglycemia. Option B) Give the client insomnia is incorrect because reducing the dose of metoprolol should not directly cause insomnia as a withdrawal effect. Option D) Cause enhanced side effects of other prescribed medications is incorrect because the primary concern with abrupt withdrawal of metoprolol is the risk of rebound hypertension, not necessarily an increase in side effects of other medications. In an educational context, understanding the importance of tapering medications like beta-blockers is crucial for nurses to ensure patient safety and prevent potential complications such as rebound hypertension. Educating clients on the rationale behind dose adjustments can help them adhere to their treatment plan and manage their condition effectively.
Question 4 of 5
A client is admitted to the hospital with a venous stasis leg ulcer. The nurse inspects the ulcer expecting to note which observation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When assessing a venous stasis leg ulcer, the nurse should expect to note a brownish or 'brawny' appearance. This discoloration is often due to hemosiderin deposits. This characteristic finding helps differentiate venous stasis ulcers from other types of ulcers, making it crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Question 5 of 5
After returning the client to bed following a cardiac catheterization procedure with the left femoral vessel as the access site, the nurse places a sign above the bed instructing the client to remain on bed rest and in which position?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) With the head of the bed elevated no more than 15 degrees. **Explanation:** After a cardiac catheterization procedure, especially when the femoral artery is used as the access site, it is crucial to maintain bed rest to prevent bleeding or complications at the insertion site. Keeping the head of the bed elevated no more than 15 degrees helps reduce the risk of bleeding by minimizing pressure on the femoral artery and promoting hemostasis without increasing the workload on the heart. **Why others are wrong:** A) In semi-Fowler's position or B) with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees may increase the risk of bleeding by putting more pressure on the femoral artery. D) Elevating the foot of the bed is not necessary for this scenario and could potentially increase venous return, leading to increased pressure at the femoral access site. **Educational context:** Understanding the rationale behind positioning post-cardiac catheterization is crucial for nurses to prevent complications and promote patient safety. It is essential for nurses to have a strong foundation in pharmacology to comprehend the implications of patient positioning on cardiovascular function and vascular access sites. By adhering to evidence-based practices, nurses can ensure optimal patient outcomes in post-procedural care.