ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is performing care for a client in the end stage of cancer. How can the nurse best facilitate the client and family's ability to cope?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When caring for a client in the end stage of cancer, the nurse plays a pivotal role in supporting both the client and their family through a holistic approach that enhances coping mechanisms. Assisting with activities of daily living helps maintain the client's comfort and dignity, addressing physical needs that may be compromised due to disease progression. Referring the client and family to hospice services is equally vital, as it provides specialized support tailored to end-of-life care, including pain management, emotional counseling, and practical assistance in various settings like homes or facilities. This referral empowers the family to remain involved while accessing expert resources, fostering resilience and preparedness for the client's passing. Conversely, encouraging the family to leave or telling them there's nothing they can do undermines their emotional needs and sense of agency, potentially intensifying grief and hopelessness. Effective coping is facilitated by maximizing the client's strengths, offering education, and integrating community support systems, ensuring the family feels supported rather than sidelined during this critical time.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is explaining the purpose of the Healthy People 2030 initiative to a client. Which goal(s) will the nurse point out as included?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2030 sets national goals to improve health equity and outcomes, including increasing health insurance access to reduce disparities, a measurable target tied to better care utilization. Decreasing new cancer diagnoses aims to lower chronic disease rates through prevention, like screening or lifestyle changes. Boosting medical degrees among underrepresented groups enhances workforce diversity, addressing cultural competence needs. Improving hearing and visual health via education prevents disability progression. Building disability-specific facilities isn't a goal; rather, it's about enhancing existing access. These objectives insurance, cancer reduction, diversity tackle root causes of inequity, aligning with nursing's advocacy for accessible, preventive care, impacting clients broadly by 2030.
Question 3 of 5
A client who is dying states to the nurse, 'I'm not ready to go yet; there's so much left to do.' Which nursing action promotes the client's health at this time?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a dying client expresses unfinished business, promoting health means supporting emotional and spiritual peace, not physical longevity. Asking what remains undone maybe reconciling with a loved one or recording memories and planning to address it empowers the client, reducing distress and fostering closure. This aligns with nursing's holistic focus, prioritizing psychological well-being at life's end over false cures. Reassuring without action dismisses their fears, while life-prolonging strategies ignore the terminal reality, potentially increasing frustration. Calling family hastily might overwhelm, not directly tackling the client's needs. By facilitating resolution like arranging a call to a estranged child the nurse promotes dignity and acceptance, key to health in dying, ensuring the client's final moments reflect their values, not just physical care.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a 2-month-old infant scheduled for a pyloromyotomy. Which of the following pre-operative actions can the nurse expect to perform? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 2-month-old infant undergoing a pyloromyotomy to correct pyloric stenosis, pre-operative nursing actions focus on safety and preparation for anesthesia and surgery. Keeping the infant NPO (nothing by mouth) as ordered (D) is critical to prevent aspiration during anesthesia, a standard pre-operative protocol for all surgical patients, especially infants. Allowing breastfeeding 1 hour before surgery (A) contradicts NPO guidelines, risking complications like vomiting or aspiration, making it incorrect. Reviewing coagulation study results (B) is important, as infants with pyloric stenosis may have electrolyte imbalances affecting clotting, but it's not the most immediate action. Avoiding all pre-operative sedation (C) is impractical, as sedation may be needed based on medical orders, not universally avoided. Other options like beginning IV fluids (E) and placing an NG tube (F) are relevant but context-specific. Since the CSV requires one correct answer, D is chosen as the most universally applicable and critical action, ensuring the infant's safety by adhering to NPO status, a fundamental pre-operative standard.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is performing nasotracheal suctioning of a client. The nurse interprets that the client is adequately tolerating the procedure if which observation is made?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During nasotracheal suctioning, coughing (C) indicates adequate tolerance, as it's a natural reflex to clear airways without distress. Cyanosis (A) signals hypoxia, a complication. Bloody secretions (B) suggest trauma, not tolerance. A heart rate drop from 78 to 54 (D) may indicate vagal stimulation, a potential adverse effect. C is correct. Rationale: Coughing reflects an intact airway defense mechanism, showing the client can respond without decompensation, per respiratory nursing protocols. Other signs like cyanosis or bradycardia warrant stopping the procedure to reassess, as they indicate oxygenation or cardiac compromise, making C the safest indicator of tolerance.