The nurse is making a preoperative education appointment with a patient. The patient asks if he should bring family with him to the appointment. What is the best response by the nurse?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Recommending family inclusion in preoperative education eases anxiety for both patient and relatives by clarifying procedures and postoperative roles, like coaching exercises. Family understanding reduces patient stress, enhancing compliance with instructions. Excluding family or limiting them to the waiting room misses this support opportunity education benefits from their involvement. Requiring attendance overstates policy; it's ideal, not mandatory. The nurse's response fosters a collaborative environment, aligning with holistic care to prepare the patient and family for the surgical experience, reducing misunderstandings and improving outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Personality development is influenced by factors like culture, environment, and social groups, which shape an individual's traits and behaviors over time. 'Nutrition,' is correct as the answer because it is not a direct determinant of personality, though it impacts physical health. Culture (Choice A) defines values and norms that mold personality, as seen in cross-cultural psychology studies. Group (Choice B) refers to social interactions, such as peer influence, which shape traits, per social learning theory by Albert Bandura. Environment (Choice C) encompasses upbringing and surroundings, critical in Erik Erikson's psychosocial development stages. Nutrition, while essential for brain development and overall health, lacks a direct link to personality traits like extroversion or conscientiousness in psychological models, unlike the other options. Its effects are more physiological than psychological, making D the factor least related to personality development, consistent with established theories focusing on social and environmental influences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Susceptibility to infection hinges on factors that directly affect the body's ability to resist pathogens. 'Racial status,' is correct as the factor that does not typically influence susceptibility, as race is a social construct with no direct biological link to immune response, per modern medical consensus (e.g., WHO). 'Immune status,' is a key determinant, as a weakened immune system (e.g., HIV) increases infection risk. 'Nutritional status,' matters, as malnutrition impairs immune function (e.g., vitamin deficiencies). 'Metabolic disorder,' like diabetes, heightens susceptibility by disrupting immune responses. Unlike these physiological factors, racial status lacks evidence as a direct causal factor in infection risk, though socioeconomic disparities tied to race might indirectly affect health. Its exclusion from clinical determinants of susceptibility makes B the correct answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In legal systems, particularly civil law, the burden of proof for negligence lies with the plaintiff—the party bringing the case. 'Plaintiff,' is correct because they must demonstrate the defendant's duty, breach, causation, and damages, as per tort law principles (e.g., Prosser's Law of Torts). 'Defendant,' defends against claims, not proves them, unless counterclaiming. 'Court,' adjudicates, not bears proof. 'Corporate Organization,' is irrelevant unless a party, and even then, it's the plaintiff's role. The plaintiff's obligation to establish negligence, rooted in common law traditions like the U.S. or UK systems, makes A the accurate answer, reflecting the adversarial process where the accuser substantiates the claim.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The demerit of being tethered to lines and bottles' implies restricted mobility due to continuous delivery equipment. 'Intravenous,' is correct because IV administration often requires catheters and drip bags, limiting movement, as seen in hospital settings (e.g., IV fluids). 'Subcutaneous,' involves small injections or pumps, less restrictive. 'Intramuscular,' is a single shot, not continuous. 'Enteral,' is oral or tube feeding, not involving lines' like IVs. IV's reliance on infusion setups—common in prolonged treatments—makes A the precise answer, reflecting its practical drawback in patient care.