The nurse is leading an exercise class for a group of adults aged 65 years and older. The nurse incorporates isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercises into the class. Which activity is an isometric exercise?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Isometric exercises involve contraction without movement (e.g., holding a pose). A, C, and D are isotonic.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pneumonia causes airway inflammation and consolidation, obstructing air flow and impairing oxygenation more directly than fluid overload, heart rate, or blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Atelectasis (lung collapse) improves with coughing to re-expand alveoli and clear secretions, enhancing oxygenation, unlike diuretics, ice packs, or fluid restriction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tachypnea (rapid breathing) is a compensatory mechanism to increase oxygen intake in hypoxia, unlike bradycardia, hypotension, or lethargy, which suggest decompensation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chest physiotherapy mobilizes thick secretions, improving airway clearance and oxygenation, more effectively than fluids alone, oxygen, or activity restriction.