The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, meaning it's a behavior individuals can change to lower illness odds like lung cancer or COPD unlike nonmodifiable factors (e.g., genetics). The nurse's talk highlights this, emphasizing quitting's potential to slash risk, backed by data showing ex-smokers' health improves over time. Primary and secondary aren't risk factor types but prevention levels primary stops disease, secondary detects it. Modifiable factors, like smoking or diet, empower clients via education, a nursing strength. This framing motivates action, showing smoking's harms (e.g., 90% of lung cancer ties) aren't inevitable, aligning with nursing's preventive ethos to reduce modifiable risks and enhance community health through informed choice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Functional nursing suits high patient loads with few nurses by assigning specific tasks (e.g., one nurse for meds, another for vitals). This task-oriented efficiency, unlike team nursing's collaboration, primary nursing's continuity, or total care's one-on-one focus, maximizes limited staff. Though it risks fragmented care, its repetitive nature fosters expertise, making it practical in resource-scarce settings.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Quality affects outcomes (A), involves satisfaction (B), can be measured (D) 'always perfect' (C) isn't true, varies, per QI. C's absolute fails, making it untrue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spirituality can be non-religious (A), affects decisions (B), provides comfort (D) 'requires belief in God' (C) isn't true, as it can be secular (e.g., nature-based), per theory. C's restriction misaligns with spirituality's breadth, making it the untrue statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Avoiding dolls or small toys prevents them from lodging in the spica cast, reducing skin irritation or infection risks for a 3-year-old a practical discharge tip. Flat beds, coloring books, or calorie boosts are less critical or unrelated to cast care. Nurses stress this to maintain cast integrity, ensuring safe immobilization for hip healing.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Conflict resolution is managing disagreements (B), per nursing e.g., staff disputes. Not avoiding (A), not duty (C), not one-time (D) process-based. B best defines its role, like resolving Mr. Gary's care conflicts, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Delegation assigns tasks (A), improves efficiency (B), requires supervision (D) 'nurse loses accountability' (C) isn't true, retains it, per standards. C's loss fails, making it untrue.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Health disparity is differences in health outcomes (B), per public health e.g., race-based mortality gaps. Not equal (A), not standard (C), not temporary (D) systemic. B best defines disparity's inequity, making it correct.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Taking a course to improve skills is professional development (A) skill enhancement, per definition. Advocacy (B) rights, literacy (C) understanding, transition (D) moves not skill-specific. A fits the nurse's growth for Mr. Gary, making it correct.