ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, meaning it's a behavior individuals can change to lower illness odds like lung cancer or COPD unlike nonmodifiable factors (e.g., genetics). The nurse's talk highlights this, emphasizing quitting's potential to slash risk, backed by data showing ex-smokers' health improves over time. Primary and secondary aren't risk factor types but prevention levels primary stops disease, secondary detects it. Modifiable factors, like smoking or diet, empower clients via education, a nursing strength. This framing motivates action, showing smoking's harms (e.g., 90% of lung cancer ties) aren't inevitable, aligning with nursing's preventive ethos to reduce modifiable risks and enhance community health through informed choice.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse identifies localized edema and __ as abnormal findings which require follow up.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Localized edema with pain (B) requires follow-up, indicating inflammation or injury. Ecchymosis (A) is bruising, less urgent unless severe. Rationale: Pain with edema suggests underlying issues like infection or thrombosis, needing prompt assessment per nursing triage principles.
Question 3 of 5
A client begins to drain small amounts of red blood from a tracheostomy tube 36 hours after a supraglottic laryngectomy. The licensed practical nurse should perform which action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Red blood from a tracheostomy post-laryngectomy suggests bleeding; notifying the RN (A) is the priority for escalation. Suctioning (B) or moisture (C) doesn't address the cause. Documentation (D) follows. A is correct. Rationale: Bleeding may indicate hemorrhage, requiring RN assessment and intervention, per scope of practice and emergency protocols.
Question 4 of 5
A client who sustained a closed head injury is being monitored for increased intracranial pressure. Arterial blood gases are obtained, and the results include a PCO2 of $33 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}$. What action is most important for the nurse to take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A PCO2 of 33 mm Hg suggests hyperventilation, possibly compensating for ICP. Informing the provider and monitoring (D) is most important to guide management. Slowing breathing (A) risks raising PCO2. Suctioning (B) or oxygen (C) isn't indicated yet. D is correct. Rationale: Low PCO2 may reflect ICP response; ongoing monitoring and reporting ensure timely intervention, per neurocritical care standards.
Question 5 of 5
Which color of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may indicate subarachnoid hemorrhage in the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Yellow CSF (B) indicates subarachnoid hemorrhage due to xanthochromia from blood breakdown. Hazy (A) suggests infection. Brown (C) or colorless (D) don't fit. B is correct. Rationale: Xanthochromia confirms bleeding, a key diagnostic sign, per neurology standards, distinguishing it from other CSF changes.