ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Final Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is explaining the purpose of the Healthy People 2030 initiative to a client. Which goal(s) will the nurse point out as included?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Healthy People 2030 sets national goals to improve health equity and outcomes, including increasing health insurance access to reduce disparities, a measurable target tied to better care utilization. Decreasing new cancer diagnoses aims to lower chronic disease rates through prevention, like screening or lifestyle changes. Boosting medical degrees among underrepresented groups enhances workforce diversity, addressing cultural competence needs. Improving hearing and visual health via education prevents disability progression. Building disability-specific facilities isn't a goal; rather, it's about enhancing existing access. These objectives insurance, cancer reduction, diversity tackle root causes of inequity, aligning with nursing's advocacy for accessible, preventive care, impacting clients broadly by 2030.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is providing care for a 2-month-old infant scheduled for a pyloromyotomy. Which of the following pre-operative actions can the nurse expect to perform? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For a 2-month-old infant undergoing a pyloromyotomy to correct pyloric stenosis, pre-operative nursing actions focus on safety and preparation for anesthesia and surgery. Keeping the infant NPO (nothing by mouth) as ordered (D) is critical to prevent aspiration during anesthesia, a standard pre-operative protocol for all surgical patients, especially infants. Allowing breastfeeding 1 hour before surgery (A) contradicts NPO guidelines, risking complications like vomiting or aspiration, making it incorrect. Reviewing coagulation study results (B) is important, as infants with pyloric stenosis may have electrolyte imbalances affecting clotting, but it's not the most immediate action. Avoiding all pre-operative sedation (C) is impractical, as sedation may be needed based on medical orders, not universally avoided. Other options like beginning IV fluids (E) and placing an NG tube (F) are relevant but context-specific. Since the CSV requires one correct answer, D is chosen as the most universally applicable and critical action, ensuring the infant's safety by adhering to NPO status, a fundamental pre-operative standard.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is performing nasotracheal suctioning of a client. The nurse interprets that the client is adequately tolerating the procedure if which observation is made?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: During nasotracheal suctioning, coughing (C) indicates adequate tolerance, as it's a natural reflex to clear airways without distress. Cyanosis (A) signals hypoxia, a complication. Bloody secretions (B) suggest trauma, not tolerance. A heart rate drop from 78 to 54 (D) may indicate vagal stimulation, a potential adverse effect. C is correct. Rationale: Coughing reflects an intact airway defense mechanism, showing the client can respond without decompensation, per respiratory nursing protocols. Other signs like cyanosis or bradycardia warrant stopping the procedure to reassess, as they indicate oxygenation or cardiac compromise, making C the safest indicator of tolerance.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is monitoring the respiratory status of a client following insertion of a tracheostomy. The nurse understands that oxygen saturation measurements obtained by pulse oximetry may be inaccurate if the client has which coexisting problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulse oximetry measures oxygen saturation but can be inaccurate with hypotension (C), as low blood pressure reduces peripheral perfusion, skewing readings. Fever (A) may increase metabolic demand but doesn't directly affect accuracy. Epilepsy (B) impacts neurological status, not perfusion. Respiratory failure (D) alters oxygenation but not oximetry reliability unless perfusion is compromised. C is correct. Rationale: Hypotension decreases blood flow to capillaries where oximeters detect hemoglobin saturation, leading to falsely low or erratic results, a known limitation per critical care monitoring standards. Nurses must correlate oximetry with clinical signs and possibly arterial blood gases (ABGs) in such cases, ensuring accurate respiratory assessment post-tracheostomy, unlike the other conditions which don't directly impair device function.
Question 5 of 5
A client had a craniotomy for excision of a brain tumor. After surgery, the nurse monitors the client for increased intracranial pressure. Which clinical finding supports an increase in intracranial pressure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lowered consciousness (D) supports increased ICP post-craniotomy, reflecting brain compression. Weak pulse (A) or narrow pulse pressure (B) are late. Shallow breathing (C) isn't specific. D is correct. Rationale: LOC decline is an early, reliable ICP sign, guiding urgent intervention, per neurosurgical care standards.