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NCLEX Questions Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is encouraging the postoperative patient to utilize diaphragmatic breathing. Reasons for this intervention include
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diaphragmatic breathing, where the abdomen rises on inhalation, prevents atelectasis alveolar collapse post-surgery by fully inflating lungs. General anesthesia suppresses cough reflexes and reduces lung expansion, trapping mucus and risking atelectasis or pneumonia. This exercise, done every 2 hours, enhances ventilation, clearing airways. It minimally distracts from pain but doesn't manage it analgesics do. Healing time isn't directly shortened; oxygenation aids recovery indirectly. Thrombus prevention relies on leg exercises, not breathing, as venous stasis is circulatory. The nurse's encouragement reduces respiratory complications, ensuring oxygen saturation and lung function, a cornerstone of postoperative care per evidence-based practice.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a patient in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for postoperative fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate for this patient?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Measuring and recording all intake and output best monitors fluid/electrolyte balance in the PACU, assessing renal and circulatory function post-anesthesia. Precise data (e.g., IV fluids, urine output) detect imbalances like hypovolemia or overload, guiding therapy. Copious water risks nausea in early recovery. Weighing is impractical in PACU done later. An extra IV isn't routine without imbalance evidence. This action ensures timely correction, aligning with postoperative care to maintain stability.
Question 3 of 5
Norms, values and behavioural attitudes peculiar to a particular society is referred to as
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Culture is the term for the unique norms, values, and behavioral attitudes that characterize a specific society, distinguishing it from others. 'Culture,' is correct because it encompasses these shared elements, as defined by anthropologists like Clifford Geertz, who view culture as a system of inherited conceptions expressed through behavior. 'Heredity,' refers to genetic inheritance, not societal traits. 'Generation,' denotes a cohort within a society, not its defining characteristics. 'Environment,' includes physical and social surroundings but lacks the specificity of norms and values tied to culture. Culture's role as the collective identity of a society, shaping how its members think and act, makes D the precise answer, supported by its prominence in sociological studies as the lens through which societal peculiarities are understood and transmitted across time.
Question 4 of 5
The following factors are to be considered in the use of chemical agent EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When selecting a chemical agent (e.g., disinfectant), practical efficacy and safety are paramount. 'The colour of the chemical agent,' is correct as the exception because it does not impact the agent's ability to kill pathogens, unlike the other factors. 'Stability during storage,' is critical, as an unstable agent (e.g., bleach losing potency) becomes ineffective. 'Efficiency of the chemical agent,' is essential, determining its pathogen-killing power (e.g., contact time studies in microbiology). 'Time taken to act,' affects usability, as faster agents are preferred in urgent settings. Colour, however, is cosmetic, not functional; guidelines like those from the EPA focus on performance metrics, not appearance. While colour might indicate concentration in rare cases, it's not a standard consideration in efficacy, making D the irrelevant factor among these practical criteria.
Question 5 of 5
Patient's rights are derived from the principle of
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patient rights stem from autonomy, the ethical principle granting individuals control over their medical decisions. 'Autonomy,' is correct because it underpins rights like informed consent, as per Beauchamp and Childress' Principles of Biomedical Ethics, emphasizing self-determination. 'Fidelity,' is loyalty to commitments, not rights' source. 'Veracity,' is truthfulness, supporting autonomy but not foundational. 'Confidentiality,' protects privacy, a right derived from autonomy, not its origin. Autonomy's primacy in healthcare ethics—allowing patients to choose or refuse treatment—makes D the precise answer, aligning with legal and ethical standards like the Patient Bill of Rights.