The nurse is concerned about the skin integrity of the patient in the intraoperative phase of surgery. Which of the following actions helps to minimize skin breakdown?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Securing table attachments with foam padding minimizes skin breakdown by cushioning pressure points (e.g., heels, sacrum) during prolonged intraoperative positioning. Unusual positions for surgical access can cause abrasions or ulcers without protection padding distributes weight, preserving circulation. Bathing pre-surgery reduces microbes, not pressure injury. Adjusting the patient risks sterility breaches and airway disruption, impractical intraoperatively. Measuring time monitors risk but doesn't prevent breakdown. The nurse's use of padding aligns with skin integrity protocols, ensuring safety during immobility under anesthesia.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Viruses are unique pathogens with specific characteristics, and the question seeks the false statement. 'It multiplies by binary fission,' is correct as the exception because viruses do not reproduce via binary fission (a bacterial process of splitting into two); instead, they replicate by hijacking host cells to produce viral components. 'It cannot be grown on inanimate object or artificial media,' is true, as viruses require living host cells, not artificial media alone. 'It possesses either DNA or RNA but never both,' is true, as viruses are either DNA or RNA-based, not dual (per virology texts like Fields Virology). 'It is heat labile,' is true, as most viruses are sensitive to heat. Binary fission's absence in viral replication, contrasted with their reliance on host machinery, makes D the false statement, aligning with established virological principles.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: System software manages and interacts with hardware, enabling it to function and support other programs. 'System software,' is correct because it includes operating systems (e.g., Windows) and drivers that directly interface with hardware circuits, per software engineering texts (e.g., Sommerville). 'Circuit software,' is not a recognized category. 'Interaction software,' is vague and undefined. 'Application software,' like word processors, relies on system software to access hardware, not interacting directly. System software's role as the bridge between hardware and applications, controlling circuits like CPUs or GPUs, makes A the precise answer, foundational to computer operation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In civil law, the plaintiff is the party who initiates a lawsuit, seeking remedy for a wrong. 'Plaintiff,' is correct because it identifies this role, as defined in civil procedure (e.g., Federal Rules of Civil Procedure). 'Lawyer,' represents, not brings, the suit. 'Defendant,' is the party sued. 'Nurse,' is irrelevant unless specified as the plaintiff. The plaintiff's position as the accuser in cases like negligence suits against a nurse distinguishes it, making C the accurate answer, grounded in legal tradition.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: General anesthesia induces systemic unconsciousness, typically via intravenous or inhalation routes. 'Intrathecal,' is correct as the exception because it's used for regional (spinal) anesthesia, injecting into the spinal canal, not systemic general anesthesia (e.g., Barash's Clinical Anesthesia). 'Intravenous,' (e.g., propofol) and 'Inhalation,' (e.g., sevoflurane) are standard for general anesthesia. 'Rectal,' though rare, can be used (e.g., barbiturates in pediatrics). Intrathecal's local effect contrasts with general anesthesia's whole-body requirement, making A the accurate exclusion.