ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is collecting data for a patient who has suspected kidney disease. A high specific gravity of urine is associated with which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High specific gravity occurs with dehydration (A), diabetes mellitus (C), heart failure (E), and nephrosis (F), but A is a primary cause. Diabetes insipidus (B) lowers SG, and excess fluid (D) dilutes it, making A a key association.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a patient with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The nurse recognizes that teaching has been effective if the patient avoids which of the following foods?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A low oxalate diet restricts foods such as spinach cocoa and instant coffee.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. The nurses assessment reveals a BP of 98/52 mm Hg. The nurse should recognize that the patients kidneys will compensate by secreting what substance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low BP triggers renin (C) secretion from juxtaglomerular cells, initiating the RAAS to raise BP. ADH (A) and aldosterone (B) follow, and angiotensin (D) is a product, making C the initial response.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is working with a patient who will undergo invasive urologic testing. The nurse has informed the patient that slight hematuria may occur after the testing is complete. The nurse should recommend what action to help resolve hematuria?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased fluids (A) clear hematuria post-testing. Diuretics (B) aren't indicated, massage (C) is ineffective, and activity limits (D) don't help, making A the recommendation.
Question 5 of 5
A client with Alzheimer's disease is experiencing memory loss. The nurse understands that the primary cause of this condition is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease involves neurodegeneration and accumulation of amyloid plaques.