ATI LPN
Test Questions Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for acutely ill patient. What assessment finding should prompt the nurse to inform the physician that the patient may be exhibiting signs of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria (<500 mL/d of urine) is the most common clinical situation seen in AKI. Flank pain and inability to initiate voiding are not characteristic of AKI. Cloudy, foul-smelling urine is suggestive of a urinary tract infection.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse reinforces teaching for a patient with chronic kidney disease. Which statement indicates the need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protein restriction must be balanced; complete avoidance is harmful.
Question 3 of 5
The process of micturition or urination:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Micturition is a sacral reflex (S2-S4) (C), contracting the detrusor (not relaxing, A) and relaxing sphincters. The external sphincter relaxes, not contracts (B), during voiding, making C the correct process description.
Question 4 of 5
What would happen to the GFR if the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the fluid in the capsular space increased?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased capsular hydrostatic pressure (B) opposes glomerular filtration pressure, reducing GFR. Increase (A) contradicts this resistance, and no change (C) ignores the balance, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse reviews the urinalysis results of a client and notes a urine osmolality of $1200 \mathrm{mOsm} / \mathrm{L}$. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High osmolality indicates dehydration, so encouraging fluids is the appropriate nursing action.