The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient with a history of obstructive sleep apnea. The nurse monitors for which of the following?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: With obstructive sleep apnea, the nurse monitors for choking and noisy, irregular respirations signs of airway obstruction post-anesthesia. Anesthesia weakens pharyngeal muscles, and sleep apnea's baseline obstruction worsens this, risking hypoxia. Shallow respirations suggest depression, not obstruction. Pain reports are expected but unrelated to apnea. Disorientation may hint at hypoxia but isn't specific. Monitoring these respiratory signs ensures timely intervention (e.g., repositioning, oxygen), critical for this high-risk patient, per postoperative airway management standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Facultative anaerobes are microorganisms capable of thriving with or without oxygen, adapting their metabolism accordingly. 'Facultative anaerobes,' is correct because it describes organisms like Escherichia coli, which use aerobic respiration when oxygen is present and switch to fermentation or anaerobic respiration when it's absent. 'Obligate anaerobes,' require an oxygen-free environment, as oxygen is toxic to them. 'Strict anaerobes,' is a synonym for obligate anaerobes, also unable to tolerate oxygen. 'Obligate aerobes,' depend entirely on oxygen for growth, incapable of surviving without it. The flexibility of facultative anaerobes, documented in microbiology (e.g., Brock Biology of Microorganisms), distinguishes them from the rigid requirements of the other options, making C the precise answer for organisms that can handle both conditions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Application software is designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as writing documents or analyzing data. 'Application software,' is correct because it includes tools like Microsoft Word or Excel, directly fulfilling user needs, as per software classification (e.g., Pressman's Software Engineering). 'Work done software,' is not a standard term. 'Micro software,' is undefined and likely a misnomer. 'Microsoft work,' seems to mean Microsoft Word,' but it's too specific and not a category. Application software's user-facing functionality—unlike system software's hardware focus—makes A the accurate answer, reflecting its role in enabling practical tasks.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Drug absorption rate depends on factors affecting how quickly a drug crosses membranes into the bloodstream. 'Lipid solubility,' is correct because it's the primary determinant; lipophilic drugs penetrate cell membranes faster, as per pharmacokinetic principles (e.g., Goodman & Gilman). 'Rate of dissolution,' matters for solid drugs but follows solubility in sequence. 'Blood flow,' enhances delivery post-absorption, not the initial rate. 'Surface area,' increases absorption opportunity but depends on solubility to cross membranes. Lipid solubility's direct impact on membrane permeability—key in oral or transdermal drugs—makes A the first factor, supported by its foundational role in drug design.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Regurgitation and aspiration risks arise from conditions impairing airway protection or increasing gastric content reflux. 'Patients with cancer of the ovary,' is correct as the exception because ovarian cancer doesn't directly affect airway or gastric dynamics, unlike the others (e.g., Miller's Anesthesia). 'Unconscious patients,' risk aspiration due to lost reflexes. 'Emergency cases,' often have full stomachs, increasing risk. 'Patients with low intra abdominal pressure,' may still regurgitate if reflexes fail (e.g., anesthesia induction). Ovarian cancer's lack of direct relevance to aspiration physiology makes B the standout answer.