The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient on the medical-surgical floor. To prevent venous stasis and the formation of thrombus after general anesthesia, the nurse encourages

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Leg exercises prevent venous stasis and thrombus formation post-anesthesia by promoting circulation in the lower extremities. General anesthesia slows blood flow, and immobility reduces muscle contractions that pump venous blood, increasing clot risk. Exercises like ankle circles or calf pumps, done regularly, counteract this, reducing deep vein thrombosis odds. Coughing, diaphragmatic breathing, and incentive spirometry target lung expansion, preventing atelectasis, not circulatory stasis. The nurse's focus on leg exercises demonstrated pre- and postoperatively ensures blood flow, aligning with protocols to minimize thromboembolism, a significant postoperative risk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Assessing intake and bladder distention is most appropriate, as anesthesia can delay urinary control 6-8 hours. Palpating for a full bladder and reviewing fluids (e.g., IVs) determines if retention exists, needing intervention like catheterization if distended. Waiting may work if non-distended, but assessment precedes. Immediate catheterization requires physician order post-assessment. Dismissing the feeling as universal ignores individual variation. This step ensures tailored care, preventing retention complications, per postoperative standards.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies the mind uses to cope with anxiety or stress, protecting the ego from perceived threats. 'Defense mechanism,' is correct because avoidance (evading stress), displacement (redirecting emotions), fantasy (escaping into imagination), and projection (attributing feelings to others) are all classic examples identified by Sigmund Freud and Anna Freud in psychoanalytic theory. 'Ego,' is the part of the psyche that employs these mechanisms, not the mechanisms themselves. 'Super Ego,' is the moral conscience, not a set of coping strategies. 'Personality,' refers to broader behavioral patterns, not specific defense tactics. These mechanisms serve to manage internal conflicts, such as between the id's impulses and the super ego's standards, making D the accurate answer, rooted in Freudian psychology's explanation of how individuals unconsciously shield themselves from psychological distress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The commonest computer operating system is determined by widespread use across personal computers globally. 'Windows,' is correct because it dominates the desktop and laptop market, with over 70% share as of 2025 (per StatCounter data), due to its user-friendly interface and compatibility with most software. 'Linux,' is popular among developers and servers but has a niche desktop audience (under 5%). 'Android,' leads in mobile devices, not traditional computers, despite its Linux base. 'MS-DOS,' is outdated, used in the 1980s-90s, not today. Windows' prevalence in homes, offices, and education, driven by Microsoft's marketing and legacy, outstrips competitors in general computer use (excluding mobile-specific OS), making C the clear answer, supported by current industry statistics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Res ipsa loquitur' (the thing speaks for itself) is a legal doctrine allowing negligence to be inferred when an incident wouldn't occur without it, aiding the plaintiff. 'Plaintiff,' is correct because it shifts the burden to the defendant to explain, as in cases like Byrne v. Boadle (1863), per tort law (e.g., Keeton). 'Defendant,' defends, not benefits. 'Court,' applies the doctrine, not uses it. 'Attorney,' represents, not proves directly. The plaintiff leverages this when evidence is scarce but negligence is obvious (e.g., a surgical tool left inside), making B the accurate answer, rooted in civil litigation principles.