ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient with a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. The nurses assessment reveals a BP of 98/52 mm Hg. The nurse should recognize that the patients kidneys will compensate by secreting what substance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Low BP triggers renin (C) secretion from juxtaglomerular cells, initiating the RAAS to raise BP. ADH (A) and aldosterone (B) follow, and angiotensin (D) is a product, making C the initial response.
Question 2 of 5
A client with Alzheimer's disease is experiencing memory loss. The nurse understands that the primary cause of this condition is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alzheimer's disease involves neurodegeneration and accumulation of amyloid plaques.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy has ESKD and is starting dialysis. What should the nurse teach the patient about hemodialysis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemodialysis is the most commonly used method of dialysis. Patients receiving hemodialysis must undergo treatment for the rest of their lives or until they undergo successful kidney transplantation. Treatments usually occur three times a week for at least 3 to 4 hours per treatment.
Question 4 of 5
A patient on hemodialysis is given sevelamer hydrochloride with meals. What is the primary reason?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sevelamer binds phosphorus to prevent bone damage.
Question 5 of 5
Given the following conditions: Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg, Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 75 mm Hg, What is the NET FILTRATION RATE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Net filtration pressure (NFP) = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (75 mm Hg) - (Capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) + Glomerular osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)) = 75 - (15 + 25) = 35 mm Hg (A). This drives filtration; 85 (B), 65 (C), and 115 (D) miscalculate, making A correct.