The nurse is caring for a patient in the postanesthesia care unit. The patient has developed profuse bleeding from the surgical site, and the surgeon has determined the need to return to the operative area. This procedure would be classified as

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An emergency procedure is required immediately to save life or preserve function, as with profuse postoperative bleeding necessitating urgent return to the operating room to control hemorrhage. This life-threatening situation distinguishes it from elective procedures, chosen by patients for non-essential issues like cosmetic surgery, or urgent ones, needed for health but not immediate survival, such as tumor excision. Major procedures involve extensive reconstruction, like coronary bypass, but aren't defined by urgency. The rapid intervention here prevents hypovolemic shock or organ damage, reflecting the critical nature of emergency classification. The nurse's recognition ensures swift coordination, highlighting the priority of stabilizing the patient over less acute classifications, per surgical standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The circulating nurse, a registered nurse, primarily establishes and implements the care plan intraoperatively, coordinating preoperative assessments, intraoperative needs, and postoperative continuity. This role oversees patient safety, advocacy, and resource management, distinct from the scrub nurse's tasks maintaining sterile fields, applying drapes, and handing instruments which focus on technical support. The circulator's broader responsibility ensures holistic care, like verifying consents or allergies, adapting to complications, and documenting, aligning with perioperative nursing's comprehensive scope to protect patient well-being throughout surgery.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors necessary to function within their society. The family is universally recognized as the primary agent of socialization because it is the first social environment a person encounters, starting at birth. It lays the foundation for language, cultural practices, and interpersonal relationships, shaping an individual's identity before external influences take hold. Sociological theories, such as Talcott Parsons' functionalism, emphasize the family's critical role in early socialization, making 'Family,' the correct answer. 'Society,' is too vague, as it includes all agents rather than pinpointing the primary one. 'Religious centre,' and 'Social centre,' represent secondary agents that influence socialization later in life and are not universally experienced by all individuals from the outset. For instance, not everyone attends religious or social centers, but everyone begins within a family unit (biological or otherwise). The family's primacy stems from its immediacy and intimacy, providing the initial framework that other agents build upon, thus justifying A as the definitive answer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nosocomial infections, also called hospital-acquired infections, are those contracted by patients during their stay in a healthcare facility, typically after admission. 'During the course of hospitalization,' is correct because it matches this definition, as outlined by the World Health Organization (WHO), where infections emerge 48 hours or more after admission, often from hospital pathogens like MRSA. 'While conveying patient to the hospital,' refers to pre-admission exposure, not nosocomial. 'From very close relations,' suggests community-acquired infection, not hospital-specific. 'From a patient's residence,' also points to pre-hospital sources. The term nosocomial' derives from Greek words meaning hospital-related disease, emphasizing infections tied to healthcare settings, making A the precise answer, rooted in clinical epidemiology's focus on hospital environments.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The program that loads automatically when a computer starts is the firmware, typically the BIOS or UEFI, stored in read-only memory (ROM). 'ROM,' is correct because it holds this non-volatile code, ensuring it's available at boot, per computer hardware principles (e.g., Stallings' Computer Organization). 'RAM,' is volatile, losing data when powered off, unfit for permanent boot storage. 'Hard disk,' stores the operating system (e.g., Windows), loaded after the firmware initializes. 'Windows,' is the OS, not the initial boot program. ROM's non-volatile nature and role in housing the bootstrap loader, which starts the system before the OS, make B the accurate answer, distinct from volatile or secondary storage options.