ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with laryngeal cancer. The client's daughter asks the nurse how her father got cancer of the larynx. The nurse should explain that one risk factor is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for laryngeal cancer, as tobacco's carcinogens directly irritate and mutate laryngeal tissues over time, a well-established link in oncology. Tuberculosis affects the lungs, not typically the larynx, while wood dust and air pollution are more associated with nasal or lung cancers. Nurses educate families on this connection, emphasizing smoking cessation to reduce risk, framing it as a preventable factor. This explanation addresses the daughter's query with clarity, grounding it in the client's likely history, and supports broader health teaching to mitigate future risks in the family.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an infant with a diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula. Which nursing diagnosis should receive priority during the infant's preoperative period?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risk for aspiration is the priority preoperatively in tracheoesophageal fistula, as the abnormal esophagus-trachea connection risks pneumonia nutrition, fluids, and coping are secondary until surgery corrects the defect. Nurses position head-up, suctioning secretions, preventing respiratory distress in this congenital emergency.
Question 3 of 5
The physician has ordered dressings with Silvadene (silver sulfadiazine) for a client with burns to the chest and arms. Which action should be taken by the nurse when applying this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Applying Silvadene with a sterile-gloved hand ensures even coverage and infection prevention for chest and arm burns occlusive dressings trap moisture, alcohol irritates, and shaving risks injury. Nurses maintain sterility, monitoring for sulfa allergy, promoting healing in burn care.
Question 4 of 5
A 3-year-old is immobilized in a hip spica cast. Which discharge instruction should be given to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding turns for 24 hours post-spica cast prevents disruption flat bed aids stability, crayons distract, and calorie boosts aren't needed. Nurses teach this, ensuring cast integrity, vital for hip healing in kids.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of renal calculi. Which fluid is most beneficial for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Water is most beneficial for renal calculi, diluting urine and preventing stone formation cola (phosphates), tea (oxalates), and coffee (caffeine) may worsen risk. Nurses push hydration, reducing recurrence, critical for kidney stone management.