The nurse is caring for a client with a history of peptic ulcer disease who complains of acute epigastric pain. This finding most likely indicates:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acute epigastric pain in peptic ulcer disease likely signals perforation, a surgical emergency healing reduces pain, low acid doesn't cause it, and obstruction causes vomiting. Nurses report this, suspecting peritonitis, critical for timely intervention in this GI crisis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: John Westerhoff's faith theory, from the 1970s, sees faith as evolving behavior e.g., growing from received faith to owned faith through life. Gilligan's ethics, Fowler's abstract faith, and Freud's psychoanalysis differ. Westerhoff's experiential stages influence nursing's spiritual care, helping patients find meaning through observable faith actions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia in tetraplegia from a blocked catheter requires removing the stimulus (B), e.g., unblocking the catheter, to halt the sympathetic surge causing hypertension. Medication (A) or elevation (C) treats symptoms, not the cause. Notification (D) follows. B is correct. Rationale: Relieving the trigger (catheter obstruction) stops the reflex, a priority per SCI emergency protocols, preventing stroke or seizure, unlike secondary symptomatic management.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Malnutrition, age, and bed rest increase pressure ulcer risk significantly.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Adaptive coping is effective stress management (B), per Lazarus reducing tension (e.g., exercise). Increases stress (A) and harmful (D) are maladaptive, avoiding (C) may not resolve. B best defines adaptive's positive outcome, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For an LVN following orders for progressive ambulation, checking vital signs before dangling or standing is essential to ensure client safety. Post-operative clients may experience instability like low blood pressure making assessment critical before activity. Calling the physician or State Board is unnecessary unless orders conflict, and client agreement alone doesn't guarantee safety. This action aligns with the LVN's role in monitoring and implementing care, preventing complications like syncope while adhering to the RN's specific directives.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: For college students, a developmentally appropriate primary prevention discussion targets relevant risks like sexual activity making 'Use of condoms can help prevent STIs and unwanted pregnancy' ideal. This addresses immediate health choices, promoting safety and averting disease or complications, fitting their life stage where sexual exploration peaks. Papanicolaou tests, HIV screening, and testicular exams are secondary prevention, focusing on early detection, less aligned with primary prevention's preemptive ethos. Condom use education empowers students with actionable, age-specific knowledge, reducing STI rates (e.g., chlamydia, prevalent in young adults) and unplanned pregnancies. This aligns with nursing's preventive focus, tailoring advice to developmental needs, ensuring relevance and impact for a population navigating new independence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Negligence is failure to act as a reasonable person would (A), per legal definition e.g., missing care standards. It's unintentional (B), causes harm (C), not all (D). A captures negligence's essence, making it true.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding rocking horse play post-hypospadias repair prevents urethral trauma compresses don't target surgical pain, diapering continues, and diet isn't specific. Nurses teach activity limits, ensuring healing, critical for this urologic surgery.