ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Exam 1 Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a closed head injury. Which finding should be reported to the physician immediately?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A Glasgow Coma Scale drop from 14 to 11 signals worsening neurological status in a closed head injury, indicating rising intracranial pressure (ICP) urine output (150mL/4hrs), headache, and BP (130/80) are less acute. Nurses report this promptly, as it may require imaging or intervention to prevent herniation in this critical condition.
Question 2 of 5
Glucose is added to anti-diarrhoeal solution because:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) combat dehydration in diarrhea by enhancing fluid absorption. Glucose in ORS doesn't merely improve taste (choice A), though palatability helps compliance. It doesn't directly increase amino acid absorption (choice B), as its role isn't protein-related. Instead, glucose increases sodium absorption (choice C) via the sodium-glucose cotransport mechanism in the gut, where glucose facilitates sodium uptake, driving water absorption osmotically. Choice D, 'all of the above,' is incorrect because A and B are not primary functions. C is the correct answer, reflecting glucose's critical physiological role in ORS efficacy. Nurses administering ORS must understand this mechanism to explain its importance to caregivers, ensuring proper use in diarrhea management, especially in children, where dehydration can escalate rapidly without this sodium-glucose synergy.
Question 3 of 5
The most common cause of PPH is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is excessive bleeding post-delivery. Atonic uterus (choice A), failure to contract after birth, is the leading cause (70-80% of cases), as uterine contraction normally compresses vessels. Retained placenta (choice B) traps tissue, causing bleeding, but is less common. Trauma (choice C) from tears or surgery, and coagulopathy (choice D) from clotting issues, contribute but are secondary. A is correct, reflecting PPH epidemiology. Nurses administer uterotonics (e.g., oxytocin), massage the fundus, and monitor bleeding, preventing maternal shock.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with Menieres Disease is experiencing severe vertigo. Which instruction should the nurse give to the patient to assist in controlling the vertigo.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meniere's disease causes vertigo from inner ear fluid imbalance. Increasing sodium (choice A) worsens fluid retention, triggering attacks. Avoiding sudden head movements (choice B) reduces vestibular stimulation, easing vertigo. Lying still watching TV (choice C) may provoke symptoms via visual input. More fluid (choice D) isn't helpful. B is correct, standard advice. Nurses teach this, monitor attacks, and support low-salt diets, improving quality of life.
Question 5 of 5
The client is on NPO post midnight. Which of the following, if done by the client, is sufficient to cancel the operation in the morning?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NPO (nothing by mouth) post-midnight ensures an empty stomach for surgery to prevent aspiration. Smoking at 3:00 A.M (D) violates NPO, as it involves inhalation and can stimulate gastric secretions, posing risks. Eating at 10:00 P.M (A) or drinking at 11:50 P.M (B) occur before midnight, adhering to NPO. Brushing teeth (C) doesn't involve ingestion. Smoking's timing and physiological impact breach NPO, potentially necessitating cancellation, making D the correct answer.