ATI LPN
Urinary System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with psoriasis vulgaris who is receiving a psoralen and ultraviolet light (PUVA) treatment. Which assessment finding indicates that the client has been exposed to the treatment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tenderness upon palpation and generalized erythema indicate exposure to PUVA treatment for psoriasis vulgaris. PUVA combines psoralen (photosensitizing agent) with UVA light, causing skin inflammation and redness as a therapeutic effect to reduce plaques. Thick plaques are the disease itself, not a treatment sign, photosensitivity may occur but isn't specific, and wart-like papules are unrelated. Erythema and tenderness are expected post-PUVA, reflecting its mechanism of action on skin cell turnover.
Question 2 of 5
Describe the sensation from the urinary bladder at 150-300 ml urine volume.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At 150-300 ml of urine volume, the urinary bladder triggers the first urge to void. Stretch receptors in the bladder wall detect this initial distension, sending signals via afferent nerves to the spinal cord and brain, initiating the micturition reflex's sensory component. This sensation precedes fullness (300-400 ml), discomfort (400-600 ml), and pain (600-700 ml), as bladder stretch intensifies with increasing volume, making B the accurate description.
Question 3 of 5
When the urinary becomes stretched, there's an increase in the frequency of action potentials traveling from?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bladder stretch from filling increases action potentials in afferent pelvic nerve fibers, traveling from the bladder to the sacral spinal cord (S2-S4). This initiates the micturition reflex. Parasympathetic (B) and somatic (C) neurons are efferent, and ascending pathways (D) follow later, making A the correct initial sensory pathway.
Question 4 of 5
The only part in nephron which is permeable to water and impermeable to ions:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The thin descending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water via aquaporin-1, allowing water to exit into the medullary interstitium, but impermeable to ions, concentrating the filtrate. The PCT (A) and collecting ducts (C) reabsorb ions, and the thick ascending limb (D) is impermeable to water, making B uniquely correct.
Question 5 of 5
A climber attempts an assault on a high mountain in the Andes and reaches an altitude of 5000 meters (16,400 ft) above sea level. What will happen to his arterial PCO2 and pH?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At high altitude (5000 m), low oxygen partial pressure triggers hyperventilation, reducing arterial PCOâ‚‚ (hypocapnia). Per Henderson-Hasselbalch, lower PCOâ‚‚ increases pH (respiratory alkalosis). Exertion may raise COâ‚‚ briefly, but hypoxia-driven ventilation dominates, ruling out C and D. A is close but less precise than B's directional clarity.