ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing Course Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client at home who has had a tracheostomy tube for several months. The nurse monitors the client for complications associated with the long-term tracheostomy and suspects tracheoesophageal fistula if which observation is noted for the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Long-term tracheostomy complication tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) causes abdominal distention (A) from air entering the stomach. Drainage (B), secretions (C), or obstruction (D) are unrelated. A is correct. Rationale: TEF allows air leakage, inflating the abdomen, a key sign per chronic tracheostomy care.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse observes a window washer falling 25 feet (7.6 m) to the ground. The nurse rushes to the scene and determines that the person is in cardiopulmonary arrest. What should the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In cardiopulmonary arrest, begin chest compressions (B) first per BLS guidelines, as circulation is priority. Pulse check (A) follows if uncertain. Calling (C) or Heimlich (D) delays care. B is correct. Rationale: Immediate compressions restore circulation in arrest, critical within seconds, per AHA protocols, overriding other initial actions.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a spinal cord injury at C5 is experiencing respiratory distress. Which intervention should the nurse perform first?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: C5 SCI with respiratory distress (diaphragm impairment) requires preparing for intubation (B) first to secure the airway. Oxygen (A), suctioning (C), or positioning (D) follow. B is correct. Rationale: C5 affects phrenic nerve function; intubation ensures ventilation, per trauma airway priorities, preventing hypoxia.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following actions by a practical/vocational nursing student represents the best example of deductive reasoning?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Deductive reasoning involves applying a general framework to a specific situation, and assessing a client using Maslow's Hierarchy to define a nutritional problem exemplifies this. The student starts with the broad theory of human needs, then deduces that the client's issue fits within the physiological category, specifically nutrition. Observing constipation and gathering data is inductive, moving from specifics to a general conclusion. Suspecting dishonesty and checking sources is investigative, not strictly deductive. Identifying alternatives and choosing one is problem-solving, not deduction. Using Maslow's model demonstrates how a nurse logically narrows a general principle to a specific client need, showcasing critical thinking essential for effective care planning.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse finds that an assigned client is restless, agitated, and confused and is thinking of restraining the client. Which of the following questions is most important for the nurse to ask?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Before restraining a restless, agitated, confused client, identifying the underlying cause is most important. This question drives assessment like checking for hypoxia or pain addressing the root issue rather than masking it with restraints. Restraint type or orders follow, and medication might treat symptoms but not the cause. Understanding why, such as delirium from infection, guides safer, less restrictive interventions, aligning with nursing's least-restraint principle and client dignity.