ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. Which of the following is an important objective to decrease this risk?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prevent dehydration. Dehydration can exacerbate hypoxia and increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents in children with cardiac defects. Here's a step-by-step rationale: 1. Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and thickening of blood, which can impair oxygen delivery to the brain. 2. Maintaining adequate hydration helps in optimizing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, reducing the risk of strokes. 3. Minimizing seizures (choice A) is important, but not directly related to decreasing the risk of strokes. 4. Promoting cardiac output (choice C) is crucial for overall perfusion but does not specifically target the risk of strokes. 5. Reducing energy expenditure (choice D) may be important for conserving energy, but it does not directly address the risk of strokes associated with dehydration.
Question 2 of 5
One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the host they infect is because they:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pathogenic microorganisms reproduce and evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them. This rapid reproduction and evolution allow the pathogens to adapt quickly to host defenses, leading to successful infection. Choice A and B are incorrect because previous exposure through natural exposure or vaccination does not necessarily give pathogens an advantage. Choice C is incorrect because pathogens typically weaken the host's immune response rather than strengthen it.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following statements is false?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all blood cell types, including both white and red blood cells. The other choices are true: A is correct as hematopoiesis does occur in various locations, C is true as hematopoietic stem cells can self-renew, and D is accurate as platelets do participate in clotting to prevent blood loss. Overall, B is the only statement that is false in this context.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for someone with a low red blood cell (erythrocyte) count. The nurse explains the function of the erythrocyte is to (select ONE that apply.)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Erythrocytes carry oxygen bound to hemoglobin. This is correct as they transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues. Step 2: Erythrocytes also carry some carbon dioxide. This is the correct answer because they pick up carbon dioxide from the tissues and transport it to the lungs for exhalation. Step 3: Erythrocytes do not assist with clotting, which is primarily the role of platelets and certain proteins in the blood. Step 4: Erythrocytes do not assist with immunity, as that function is mainly carried out by white blood cells.
Question 5 of 5
Which nutrient is necessary for erythropoiesis? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vitamin C. Vitamin C is not necessary for erythropoiesis, the process of red blood cell production. Iron is essential for hemoglobin synthesis, Vitamin B12 is needed for DNA synthesis in red blood cells, and Folic acid is crucial for cell division and growth in erythropoiesis. Vitamin C plays a role in collagen production and immune function, but it is not directly involved in red blood cell formation.