ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Disease Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 70-yr-old patient who takes hydrochlorothiazide and enalapril(Norvasc). The patient's blood pressure(BP) continues to be high. Which patient information may indicate a need for a change?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Because use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) can prevent adequate BP control, the patient may need to avoid the use of ibuprofen. A multivitamin tablet will help supply vitamin D, which may help lower BP. BP decreases while sleeping, so self-monitoring early in the morning will result in obtaining pressures that are at their lowest. The patient's alcohol intake is not excessive.
Question 2 of 5
A patient newly diagnosed with hypertension asks the nurse what happens when uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged. The nurse explains that a patient with prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension is at risk for developing what health problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When uncontrolled hypertension is prolonged, it can result in renal failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, impaired vision, left ventricular hypertrophy, and cardiac failure. Glaucoma and anemia are not directly associated with hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
The home health nurse is caring for a patient who has a comorbidity of hypertension. What assessment question most directly addresses the possibility of worsening hypertension?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To identify complications or worsening hypertension, the patient is questioned about blurred vision, spots in front of the eyes, and diminished visual acuity. The heart, nervous system, and kidneys are also carefully assessed, but angina pain and decreased energy are not normally suggestive of worsening hypertension. Sodium limitation is a beneficial lifestyle modification, but nonadherence to this is not necessarily a sign of worsening symptoms.
Question 4 of 5
The depolarisation of cardiac muscle cells is characterised by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The repolarisation phase of cardiac muscle cells involves potassium efflux through two types of potassium channels.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding venous circulation:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Central venous pressure averages around 6.4 mmHg and fluctuates with respiration and heart action.