The nurse is aware that in palpating the abdomen of an adult client, he should

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Palpating begins at any quadrant systematically e.g., RUQ to LLQ avoiding pain first (comfort). Light pressure, finger pads (not tips) are used. Nurses proceed e.g., clockwise for thoroughness, per standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ethical nursing research upholds participants' rights, guided by the 1985 ANA guidelines, still relevant today. Self-determinism ensures participants choose involvement freely, without coercion, respecting autonomy. Privacy safeguards their personal information and dignity, preventing unauthorized disclosure. Anonymity protects identity, ensuring data can't be linked to individuals, fostering trust. Fair treatment guarantees equitable selection and care, while protection from harm minimizes risks. A cure for illness isn't a right, as research seeks knowledge, not guaranteed outcomes. These principles self-determinism, privacy, anonymity, and more balance scientific goals with human dignity, ensuring participants are respected as individuals, not mere subjects. This ethical foundation is critical for credible, humane research, safeguarding vulnerable populations and upholding nursing's integrity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Arranging dental education for children targets health promotion, enhancing well-being through lifestyle choices like proper brushing to prevent cavities. This proactive step builds health habits, aligning with nursing's aim to protect and improve health before illness strikes, distinct from preventing specific diseases (illness prevention). High-level wellness seeks maximal potential, broader than this focused event. Reversal of self-care deficits involves therapeutic fixes, not education. Health promotion here empowers kids with skills brushing technique to maintain oral health, reducing future dental issues. It's primary prevention in action, leveraging community teaching to instill lifelong practices, a core nursing strategy for population health that prioritizes empowerment over reaction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Teaching a diabetic client daily foot inspections is tertiary prevention, managing an existing condition to prevent complications like ulcers or amputations. Diabetes is chronic, and this intervention post-diagnosis focuses on reducing further harm by catching skin issues early, a common risk due to neuropathy. Primary prevention, like diet to avoid diabetes, precedes onset. Secondary prevention screens for initial signs, not ongoing care. 'Chronic' isn't a level. Nursing's tertiary role here empowers self-monitoring, critical since poor circulation masks injuries studies show inspections slash amputation rates. This aligns with chronic disease management, ensuring the client maintains function and avoids escalation, reflecting nursing's emphasis on practical, preventive care within an established illness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Without specific notes, the priority action hinges on common critical scenarios. Having the defibrillator ready at the bedside (C) is the most urgent action if the notes suggest cardiac instability (e.g., arrhythmias), as defibrillation addresses life-threatening ventricular rhythms per ACLS protocols. Ensuring endotracheal intubation readiness (A) is vital for airway compromise, but respiratory decline typically progresses slower than cardiac arrest. Preparing protamine sulfate (B) reverses heparin in bleeding, but this is less immediate unless hemorrhage is explicit. Sugammadex (D) reverses neuromuscular blockers, relevant post-surgery, not broadly urgent. C is selected as the priority due to its alignment with rapid life-saving intervention. Rationale: Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in critical care; a defibrillator's immediate availability can restore rhythm within minutes, critical when notes imply deteriorating vitals, outweighing preparatory actions like intubation or drug administration in urgency and impact.