ATI LPN
Pharmacology for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is assisting with the care of a client diagnosed with heart failure. Which finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider immediately?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A weight gain of 2 pounds in 2 days is concerning in a client with heart failure as it can indicate fluid retention and worsening of the condition. This finding requires immediate medical attention to prevent further complications. Increased urination at night (choice B) may be due to various reasons like diuretic use and is not an immediate concern. Mild shortness of breath on exertion (choice C) is expected in clients with heart failure and may not require immediate reporting. Decreased appetite and fatigue (choice D) are common symptoms in heart failure but are not as urgent as sudden weight gain.
Question 2 of 5
The client is reinforcing teaching for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Which statement by the client indicates correct understanding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Crossing the legs can further impede blood flow in clients with PAD, worsening symptoms. Avoiding leg crossing helps maintain adequate blood flow and reduces the risk of complications associated with peripheral artery disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because elevating the legs, wearing tight compression stockings, and applying heat can exacerbate symptoms in PAD by restricting blood flow or causing potential harm.
Question 3 of 5
A client with a history of hypertension is being discharged on a low-sodium diet. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is the correct answer because bacon and sausage are high in sodium, which contradicts the low-sodium diet requirement. Consuming them freely would contribute to increased sodium intake, which is not suitable for managing hypertension. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding and actions for a low-sodium diet, such as using alternatives to salt, avoiding processed foods, and checking food labels for sodium content.
Question 4 of 5
When providing teaching to a client with a new prescription for atorvastatin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for atorvastatin is to take the medication in the evening. Atorvastatin is more effective when taken at night because cholesterol synthesis is higher during this time. This timing helps optimize the drug's cholesterol-lowering effects and enhances its overall efficacy in managing lipid levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Taking atorvastatin with food can decrease its absorption, grapefruit juice can interact with atorvastatin leading to increased side effects, and there is no specific need to avoid dairy products while on atorvastatin unless instructed otherwise by the healthcare provider.
Question 5 of 5
A client has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metformin is to increase fluid intake. This is crucial to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of metformin. Adequate hydration can also help reduce the risk of kidney problems associated with metformin use. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. While it's generally recommended to take metformin with food to reduce stomach upset, monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia is more relevant for other antidiabetic medications, and a metallic taste in the mouth is not a common side effect of metformin.