The nurse informs a client with pneumonia that a respiratory therapist is scheduled to perform chest physiotherapy. The client asks, 'What does that mean?' Which response by the nurse is best?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chest physiotherapy will help move the liquid out of your lungs' (A) best explains its role percussion/vibration loosen mucus in pneumonia, aiding clearance per ATS guidelines. Breathing improvement (B) is secondary, not precise. Preventing cough (C) is false it promotes productive coughing. Removing organisms (D) is antibiotic-driven. The document's answer (A) reflects pathophysiology consolidated exudate (e.g., 100-200 mL) shifts with CPT, distinguishing it from B's vagueness or D's inaccuracy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nasal chambers act as an air conditioner, warming, humidifying, and filtering air before it reaches the lungs. Their mucous membranes and turbinates increase surface area, trapping dust and moistening dry air via blood vessel heat, optimizing it for alveolar exchange. The larynx directs air and protects the airway, not conditioning it. The pharynx conducts air but lacks significant conditioning features. 'All' is incorrect nasal chambers alone perform this role. This preconditioning prevents lung irritation, a primary respiratory defense, key in understanding upper airway function and conditions like rhinitis affecting air quality.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The epicardium, the heart wall's outer layer (visceral pericardium), comprises mesothelium (a simple squamous epithelium) and underlying connective tissue, providing a smooth, protective surface with coronary vessels. The myocardium is cardiac muscle, driving contraction, not mesothelium-based. The endocardium, the inner lining, is endothelium and connective tissue but distinct from the outer epicardium. The fibrous pericardium is dense connective tissue, lacking mesothelium. The epicardium's structure reduces friction with the pericardial sac and supports vascular supply, a key layer in heart anatomy, critical in conditions like epicarditis affecting this surface.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The right atrium and right ventricle contain deoxygenated blood, received from systemic veins (vena cavae) into the atrium, then pumped via the ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium and ventricle hold oxygenated blood from pulmonary veins, destined for the body. 'Left atrium only' or 'right ventricle only' ignores paired chamber roles. This right-side deoxygenation reflects the heart's dual circulation systemic and pulmonary a fundamental division ensuring oxygen delivery, critical in understanding cardiac flow and congenital defects mixing these streams.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates action potentials, pacing the heart at ~100 beats per minute intrinsically, though nerves adjust this to ~70 bpm normally. Located in the right atrium, it's the natural pacemaker, firing spontaneously via pacemaker cells' ion shifts. Cardiac accelerator nerves (sympathetic) speed it up, not initiate. The AV node delays signals, not starts them (~40-60 bpm if SA fails). The cardiovascular center in the medulla modulates rate, not generates. The SA node's primacy ensures rhythm, key in physiology and arrhythmias like sinus tachycardia where its rate shifts.