The nurse has completed a preoperative assessment for a patient going to surgery and gathers assessment data. Of the following, which would be the most important next step?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Notifying the operating suite of a latex allergy is most important, as latex is pervasive in surgical settings (gloves, tubes), and exposure risks anaphylaxis, requiring immediate room preparation with latex-free supplies. This preempts delays or emergencies, prioritizing safety. Documenting a bath, obtaining vital signs, or giving antibiotics are routine but secondary latex reaction prevention is urgent due to its acute, life-threatening potential. The nurse's action ensures a safe environment, aligning with allergy management protocols to protect the patient throughout surgery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Obligate anaerobes are microorganisms that cannot utilize oxygen for growth and find it toxic, thriving instead in oxygen-free environments. 'Obligate anaerobes,' is correct because these organisms, like Clostridium botulinum, lack the enzymes (e.g., catalase) to neutralize oxygen's reactive byproducts, making oxygen lethal to them. 'Obligate aerobes,' require oxygen for survival, the opposite of the question's description. 'Aerotolerant anaerobes,' can tolerate oxygen but don't use it, differing from being harmed by it. 'Facultative aerobes,' can switch between oxygen and anaerobic metabolism, adapting to its presence. The defining trait here is oxygen's toxicity, not mere avoidance, aligning with obligate anaerobes' biological characteristics, as seen in microbiology studies of anaerobic bacteria, making B the precise answer over the others.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Flash memory is a type of non-volatile storage that retains data without power, commonly used in USB drives and SSDs. 'Secondary storage,' is correct because it serves as an external, long-term storage medium, distinct from a computer's primary memory (RAM), per computer architecture definitions (e.g., Tanenbaum's Structured Computer Organization). 'Input unit,' like keyboards, facilitates data entry, not storage. 'Output unit,' like monitors, displays data, not stores it. 'Internal storage,' typically refers to RAM or cache, which are volatile and primary, unlike flash's non-volatile nature. Flash memory's role in portable, persistent storage—supplementing rather than replacing internal memory—makes D the accurate classification, aligning with its widespread use in modern computing.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Informed consent is a legal and ethical process ensuring patients understand and agree to treatment. 'Patient can revoke consent even if he has been booked for surgery,' is correct because consent is voluntary and revocable at any time, per healthcare law (e.g., Schloendorff v. Society of New York Hospital, 1914). 'It can be obtained from a minor,' is false; minors typically require guardian consent unless emancipated. 'It is the duty of the Nurse to obtain consent,' is incorrect; physicians usually secure it, though nurses witness. 'It can be implied for any invasive procedure,' is wrong; implied consent applies only in emergencies. The patient's right to withdraw consent reflects autonomy, making C the accurate answer, grounded in legal precedents.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intravenous (IV) administration delivers drugs directly into the bloodstream, bypassing certain processes. 'Bioavailability is 85%,' is correct as not true because IV achieves 100% bioavailability, not 85%, since there's no absorption barrier (e.g., Katzung's Pharmacology). 'First pass is avoided,' is true, skipping liver metabolism. 'No gastric manipulation,' is true, avoiding digestion. 'Desired blood concentration is achieved,' is true, allowing precise dosing. The 85% figure applies to routes like oral with losses, not IV's complete delivery, making C the false statement, grounded in pharmacokinetic principles.