The nurse has administered an anxiolytic as a preoperative medication to the patient going to surgery. Which of the following is the best next step?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After an anxiolytic, instructing the patient to call for help to use the restroom prevents falls from sedation-induced drowsiness or unsteadiness, a key safety step. Consent should precede medication, as sedation impairs judgment asking now is invalid. Wasting unused meds follows policy but isn't urgent. Notifying the operating suite may occur, but patient safety trumps communication timing. The nurse's instruction raising side rails, placing call light near ensures immediate protection, aligning with preoperative care to mitigate risks from altered consciousness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The family is the primary social institution where individuals first learn through observation and imitation, starting from infancy. 'Family,' is correct because children mimic parents' behaviors, language, and habits, as emphasized by Albert Bandura's social learning theory, which highlights modeling as a key learning process. 'Educational Institution,' involves structured learning later in life, often beyond initial imitation stages. 'Peer Group,' influences behavior through interaction but typically follows family influence. 'Reference Group,' refers to aspirational groups one identifies with, not a primary learning context. The family's intimate, early role in shaping behavior through watching and copying—such as a child imitating a parent's speech—distinguishes it as the foundational institution for this type of learning, making C the correct answer, supported by developmental psychology's focus on familial influence.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Computers in healthcare primarily enhance efficiency and accuracy in managing patient care. 'Keeping database of treatment,' is correct because electronic health records (EHRs) store treatment histories, diagnoses, and medications, improving care coordination, as seen in systems like Epic or Cerner. 'Assisting patient,' is vague and not a primary computer function; assistance comes via staff using tech. 'Browsing social media,' is unrelated to healthcare utility, serving personal rather than clinical needs. 'Blood donation,' involves logistics but isn't a core computer role in health settings. EHRs' role in storing and retrieving treatment data, backed by healthcare IT studies, underscores A as the most significant and widely implemented use, distinguishing it from the less relevant or indirect options.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nurse as a patient advocate primarily ensures the patient's voice is heard and their needs met, especially when they can't speak for themselves. 'Acts as the patient's mouth piece,' is correct because it reflects advocacy's core—representing the patient's wishes, per the ANA Code of Ethics. 'Acts as the patient's witness,' is passive, not advocacy's active role. 'Teaches the patient to fight for his right,' is empowerment, not direct advocacy. 'Defends those involved in providing care,' prioritizes staff, not the patient. Advocacy involves articulating patient preferences (e.g., refusing treatment), making A the precise answer, aligned with nursing's patient-centered duty.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Essential drug policies (e.g., WHO's Essential Medicines List) prioritize proven, cost-effective drugs for population needs. 'New drugs can be easily tried,' is correct as the exception because such policies restrict drug lists to established options, not experimental ones, ensuring safety and efficacy. 'It is medically, therapeutically, and scientifically sound,' is an advantage, reflecting evidence-based selection. 'It responds to real health needs of the people,' is true, targeting prevalent conditions. 'It makes quality control easier,' is accurate, as fewer drugs simplify regulation. Excluding untested new drugs aligns with the policy's focus on reliability, making A the odd one out, per global health guidelines.