ATI LPN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse determines that instruction regarding prevention of future urinary tract infections (UTIs) for a patient with cystitis has been effective when the patient states,
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent voiding every 3-4 hours (D) flushes bacteria from the bladder, preventing UTIs, showing effective teaching. Vaginal sprays (A) may irritate, a quart (B) is inadequate (~946 mL vs. 2000-3000 mL recommended), and soap pre-intercourse (C) is unnecessary, making D the best understanding.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication taken by a patient with decreased renal function will be of most concern to the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are nephrotoxic and should be avoided in patients with impaired renal function. The nurse should also ask about reasons the patient is taking the other medications, but the medication of most concern is the ibuprofen.
Question 3 of 5
What value represents a normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normal GFR is 100-125 mL/min (C), reflecting the kidneys' filtrate formation rate. Lower ranges (A, B) suggest impairment, and 150-200 mL/min (D) exceeds typical values, making C the standard healthy range.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing data for a patient with acute kidney injury. Which of the following diagnostic test results would the nurse recognize as being indicative of kidney injury?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Serum creatinine 4.2 mg/dL (B) far exceeds 1.5 mg/dL, indicating kidney injury. BUN 40 (A), fixed SG 1.010 (E), and output 100 mL/24h (F) also suggest AKI, but creatinine is most specific; uric acid (C) and hematocrit (D) are less direct, making B key.
Question 5 of 5
A patient who is on hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease is given sevelamer hydrochloride(Renagel) with meals. What explanation should be provided to the patient as the primary reason the medication is being given?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Associated with a low calcium level is hyperphosphatemia which causes the bones to release calcium making patients prone to fractures.