ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse assists a client with Parkinson's disease to ambulate in the hallway. The client appears to freeze and then carefully lifts one leg and steps forward. The client tells the nurse of pretending to step over a crack on the floor. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should confirm that pretending to step over a crack is an effective technique for ambulation in Parkinson's disease. Freezing of gait is common, and visual cues like imagining obstacles can stimulate movement by engaging the brain's motor planning. This compensatory strategy is well-documented in Parkinson's management. Carpet may reduce cues, re-orientation assumes confusion not present, and cognition assessment isn't indicated here, as this is a motor issue, making affirmation the best response.
Question 2 of 5
Which cell in the collecting tubule of the renal tubules functions in maintaining water and salt balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Principal cells in the collecting tubule regulate water and salt balance. They reabsorb sodium (Naâº) in response to aldosterone, aiding salt retention, and reabsorb water under antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control, concentrating urine and maintaining blood volume. Intercalated cells focus on acid-base balance, while macula densa cells (in the distal tubule) and mesangial cells (in the glomerulus) serve different purposes, making B the correct choice for water and salt regulation.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is a protein made by the kidney?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in response to hypoxia, stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Angiotensin is a peptide formed systemically, mesangial matrix is an extracellular structure, and creatinine is a waste product, not a protein made by the kidney, making D the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
First stimulation in the micturition reflex is when the volume reaches?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The micturition reflex begins with the first urge to void at 150-300 ml, typically around 150 ml, when bladder stretch receptors activate afferent pelvic nerve signals to the sacral cord. This initiates reflex detrusor contraction, though voluntary control can delay it. Higher volumes (300-700 ml) escalate sensations, but 150 ml marks the reflex onset, making A correct.
Question 5 of 5
Feedback signals that inhibit the thirst centers include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thirst is inhibited by feedback signals like moistening of the mouth and throat mucosa, which signals hydration and reduces the drive to drink. Stomach and intestinal stretch (from fluid intake) also contribute, but ‘inhibition of stretch receptors' (A) implies blocking, not activating, so it's incorrect. B alone is precise, making it correct.