ATI LPN
Respiratory System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse assisting the client with obstructive pulmonary disease would use which of the following statements to explain why dyspnea occurs?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Your airways open wider on inspiration, and trap air on expiration' (C) explains COPD dyspnea, per document (3). Emphysema's elasticity loss (elastase > AAT) and chronic bronchitis's mucus narrow airways, trapping air (RV >150%), reducing tidal volume (Vt <400 mL). Surfactant (A) is ARDS, not COPD. Difficulty inhaling (B) is vague. Compliance drop (D) fits fibrosis. C's air trapping FEVâ‚/FVC <70% drives dyspnea, unlike A's irrelevance.
Question 2 of 5
Surface tension of the alveolar fluid is reduced by the presence of
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Surfactant, a lipoprotein mix from type II alveolar cells, reduces alveolar fluid's surface tension, preventing collapse (atelectasis) by lowering cohesive forces of water molecules lining alveoli. Mucus traps particles in airways, not affecting alveolar tension. Sebum, an oily skin secretion, is irrelevant here. Water increases tension surfactant counters this. By decreasing tension, surfactant stabilizes alveoli, especially smaller ones, easing inflation and preventing lung collapse post-exhalation. This is vital for efficient gas exchange, a cornerstone of lung mechanics, critical in conditions like respiratory distress syndrome where surfactant deficiency causes breathing difficulty, underscoring its role in pulmonary stability.
Question 3 of 5
Most oxygen in the blood is transported
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Most oxygen (~98%) is transported as oxyhemoglobin, bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells, each molecule carrying four Oâ‚‚ vastly more than dissolved in plasma (~2%, ~0.3 mL/100 mL). Carboxyhemoglobin forms with carbon monoxide, not Oâ‚‚ transport. Bicarbonate (HCO₃â») carries COâ‚‚, not Oâ‚‚. Oxyhemoglobin's high capacity, shifting with POâ‚‚ (oxygen-hemoglobin curve), ensures efficient Oâ‚‚ delivery to tissues, key in oxygen transport physiology, critical in anemia or hypoxia where binding capacity or Oâ‚‚ levels drop, impacting cellular supply.
Question 4 of 5
When teaching the parents of an older infant with CF (cystic fibrosis) about the type of diet the child should consume, which of the following would be most appropriate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A high-calorie diet (D) is most appropriate for an older infant with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF's thick mucus obstructs pancreatic ducts, impairing enzyme release, causing malabsorption of fats and proteins requiring extra calories (often 120-150% of normal) to support growth. Moderate fat, not high (B), aids absorption with enzyme supplements; low protein (A) risks malnutrition; low carbohydrate (C) limits energy. Thick mucus also increases respiratory work, boosting caloric needs. This diet, paired with enzymes, counters CF's nutritional deficits, key in nursing education to prevent failure to thrive, a common CF challenge.
Question 5 of 5
A client has been taking flunisolide (Aerobid), two inhalations a day, for treatment of asthma. He tells the nurse that he has painful, white patches in his mouth. Which response by the nurse would be the most appropriate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: White, painful oral patches in a client using flunisolide (Aerobid), an inhaled corticosteroid, suggest a fungal infection (oral candidiasis) common from steroid deposition suppressing local immunity. Response C correctly identifies this and proposes antifungal treatment (e.g., nystatin), addressing the cause. It's not a normal side effect to ignore (A) it won't resolve spontaneously. Overuse (B) isn't indicated; two puffs daily is standard. Oral hygiene (D) helps prevention, not treatment of established infection rinsing post-inhalation is key. This response guides therapy, critical in nursing to manage steroid side effects and ensure asthma control continues unimpeded.