ATI LPN
NCLEX PN Questions Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The nurse assesses the respiratory status of a client who is experiencing an exacerbation of COPD secondary to an upper respiratory tract infection. Which of the following findings would be expected?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coarse crackles and rhonchi are expected in a COPD exacerbation from an upper respiratory infection. Secretions obstruct airways, producing these adventitious sounds as air moves through crackles from fluid, rhonchi from mucus. Normal breath sounds (A) are diminished in COPD due to hyperinflation and reduced airflow, not present in exacerbation. Expiration, not inspiration (B), prolongs as airways narrow. Chest movement (C) decreases with overdistended lungs, not normal. These findings reflect infection-driven mucus buildup atop chronic obstruction, key in nursing assessment to guide suctioning or bronchodilator use and monitor worsening respiratory distress.
Question 2 of 5
A study is conducted of individuals who smoked at least one pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years. These individuals undergo pulmonary function testing, and a large subset is found to have decreased FEV1, normal to decreased FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio less than 70%. Autopsy data from the subset of individuals in the study with a low FEV1/FVC ratio are analyzed. Which of the following respiratory tract structures in the lungs is likely to be affected most by underlying disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory bronchiole (D) is most affected in centriacinar emphysema from smoking (Page 28, Ans: D). Long-term tobacco (30 pack-years) damages central acinus, dilating respiratory bronchioles via elastase , reducing FEV1/FVC (<70%). Alveolar ducts (A) and sacs (B) are spared; bronchi (C) resist with cartilage. Autopsy shows upper-lobe destruction 50% loss contrasting panacinar's lobule-wide effect. D's centrality in airflow obstruction distinguishes it from A's distal role, per pathology.
Question 3 of 5
A study of pulmonary disease in persons who are smokers shows that tobacco used in greater amounts and for longer periods is positively correlated with the degree of lung parenchymal destruction with centrilobular emphysema. However, some persons with a history of extensive tobacco use have less lung damage than persons who smoked less. Polymorphisms involving which of the following genes are most likely to explain these differences in the repair response to lung injury in smokers?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: TGF-β (D) polymorphisms explain repair variance in emphysema . Reduced TGF-β impairs mesenchymal repair , worsening alveolar loss (50% in heavy smokers). AAT (A) causes panacinar. BMPR2 (B) links to hypertension. CFTR (C) is cystic fibrosis. D's role unlike A's specific deficiency modulates damage, per document.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following describes the Morphology of Emphysema:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All (D) describe emphysema morphology . Pale, voluminous lungs and alveolar thinning (50% loss) reflect air trapping . A, B, C are true individually. D's inclusivity unlike A's partiality captures full pathology, per document.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following diseases are termed blue bloaters and pink puffers respectively?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chronic bronchitis and emphysema (D) are blue bloaters' and pink puffers' . Bronchitis cyanosis and emphysema's hyperventilation differ. Asthma (A) reverses. Bronchiectasis (C) lacks this. D's pairing unlike A's mismatch fits, per document.