The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The evolution of nursing education reflects historical shifts in healthcare demands, and World War II marked a significant turning point. During this period, Esther Lucile Brown's 1940s report highlighted the need for nursing education to move from hospital-based training to colleges and universities, arguing it would elevate the profession's standards and scientific foundation. This shift was driven by the war's demand for skilled nurses in both military and civilian roles, exposing the limitations of earlier apprenticeship models. The Spanish-American War saw nursing in its infancy, while World War I, despite Florence Nightingale's influence, still struggled with professionalization. The Civil War predates these developments, with nursing largely informal. World War II's crisis needs catalyzed a formal push for university-based programs, shaping modern nursing education to meet complex healthcare challenges with a stronger academic base, a legacy that continues to influence the profession today.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chronic conditions, unlike acute ones, are defined by persistence and complexity, shaping nursing care. They are rarely curable e.g., diabetes requires ongoing management, not resolution. They have a prolonged course, unfolding over years, demanding sustained interventions like medication or lifestyle adjustments. Their onset is typically slow, not rapid, as with hypertension developing gradually versus a sudden fracture. They don't resolve spontaneously; without care, they worsen think arthritis progressing without therapy. These traits incurability, chronicity guide nurses to focus on long-term strategies, education, and support, contrasting with acute care's quick fixes. Understanding this ensures tailored plans that mitigate impact, enhancing quality of life for clients facing enduring health challenges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Secondary prevention detects disease early in asymptomatic clients, halting progression perfect for a community setting. Screening for hearing loss fits this, identifying issues like age-related decline before symptoms like isolation emerge, enabling timely aids or therapy. Teaching a low-fat diet is primary, preventing illness onset, not detecting it. Referring to smoking cessation is primary too, averting lung disease, not finding it. Planning care for COPD is tertiary, managing a known condition. Hearing screening aligns with nursing's goal to catch silent problems studies show early detection cuts disability making it ideal for a well client. This proactive step ensures health maintenance, leveraging community access to intervene before symptoms disrupt life, a key nursing strategy for population wellness.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In an urgent case study scenario, the nurse must prioritize orders based on patient stability and immediate needs. Administering 0.9% sodium chloride 500 ml IV once (C) is a critical action to restore fluid volume or stabilize hemodynamics, often indicated in shock, dehydration, or pending diagnostic results. Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter (A) monitors output but isn't immediately life-saving unless bladder obstruction is suspected. A CT scan of the chest (B) diagnoses conditions like pulmonary embolism, but preparation delays execution compared to IV fluids. Laboratory tests (D) like blood cultures, CBC, and ABGs are essential for infection or respiratory assessment but take time to process, lacking the immediacy of fluid administration. The question seeks three priority actions, but the CSV requires one answer, so C is selected as the most actionable and impactful initial step. Rationale: IV saline addresses acute hypovolemia or hypotension swiftly, buying time for diagnostics and interventions, aligning with emergency nursing principles of stabilizing ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation) first.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Suctioning through a tracheostomy should last 10 seconds (A) during withdrawal to minimize hypoxia and trauma, per standard guidelines. Longer times 25 (B), 30 (C), or 35 (D) seconds increase risks of oxygen depletion and mucosal injury. A is correct. Rationale: Limiting suction to 10 seconds balances secretion removal with oxygenation preservation, a key safety measure in airway management, preventing complications like atelectasis or arrhythmias, as endorsed by AACN and ATS.