The movement of drugs in the body including the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion is known as

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacokinetics studies how the body handles drugs—absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). 'Pharmacokinetic,' is correct, aligning with this definition (e.g., Rowland & Tozer's Clinical Pharmacokinetics). 'Pharmacodynamic,' focuses on drug effects on the body, not movement. 'Pharmacotherapeutic,' relates to treatment outcomes, not processes. 'Pharmacognosy,' studies drug origins, not kinetics. Pharmacokinetics' emphasis on ADME processes—tracking a drug's journey—makes B the precise answer, foundational in drug development and dosing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A sample frame is the list of all population entities from which a sample is drawn. 'Sample frame,' is correct, as per statistical methodology (e.g., Cochran), providing the sampling base (e.g., a hospital staff list). 'Sampling unit,' is an individual element. 'Sampling fraction,' is the sample-to-population ratio. 'Sample size,' is the number sampled. The frame's role as the master list ensures representativeness, making A the precise answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The radial head articulates with the humerus' capitulum in the elbow. 'Capitulum,' is correct, a rounded lateral structure, per anatomy (e.g., Drake's Gray's Anatomy). 'Trochlea,' articulates with the ulna. 'Glenoid cavity,' is in the shoulder. 'Olecranon,' is the ulna's part. Capitulum's specific radial fit makes D the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac output (CO) is the product of heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV), and adrenaline (epinephrine) enhances both by increasing HR and contractility. 'Adrenaline,' is correct because it acts via beta-adrenergic receptors to boost sympathetic stimulation, as per physiology texts like Guyton and Hall's Medical Physiology. 'Aldosterone,' regulates blood volume and pressure long-term, not directly affecting rate or force acutely. 'Angiotensin,' primarily causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, indirectly influencing CO. 'Thyroxin,' increases metabolism and HR over time but lacks adrenaline's immediate, dual impact on rate and force. Adrenaline's rapid action—seen in fight-or-flight responses—makes it uniquely suited to elevate CO by enhancing both parameters, distinguishing B as the precise answer, supported by its role in cardiovascular regulation during stress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The pancreas functions as both an exocrine gland (digestive enzymes via ducts) and an endocrine gland (insulin, glucagon into blood). 'Pancreas,' is correct, per anatomy texts like Moore, with acini (exocrine) and islets (endocrine). 'Adrenal gland,' and 'Pituitary gland,' are purely endocrine. 'Thyroid gland,' is endocrine only. The pancreas' dual role in digestion and glucose regulation makes C the precise answer, unique among endocrine glands.