The mother of an infant born prematurely at 32 weeks expresses the desire to breastfeed her child. The nurse correctly responds with which statement when the mother asks how long she should breastfeed her baby?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Breast milk should be the only food for the first 6 months." This is based on the WHO recommendation that exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life provides optimal nutrition and protection for infants. Breast milk contains essential nutrients and antibodies crucial for the premature infant's growth and immune system development. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Introducing solid foods too early can be harmful to a premature infant's digestive system. B: While some mothers breastfeed for 2 years, it is not a specific guideline for premature infants. C: Breastfeeding for at least a month is not sufficient; exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months is recommended for all infants, including premature ones.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Appropriate weight gain for age. In congestive heart failure, decreasing the demands on the heart is crucial. Appropriate weight gain indicates good cardiac output and effective management of fluid retention. Irritability (choice A) can be a sign of distress, capillary refill of more than 5 seconds (choice B) indicates poor perfusion, and positioning in high Fowler position (choice D) is more related to respiratory support rather than decreasing demands on the heart.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immediately bring the child to clinic for evaluation. Given the child's medical history of a repaired ventricular septal defect (VSD) and presenting symptoms of decreased appetite, fever, and muscle/joint aches, there is concern for a possible infection or cardiac-related issue. It is crucial to promptly assess the child's condition due to the potential risks associated with cardiac conditions and infections in this population. Delaying evaluation could lead to serious complications. Choices B and C are incorrect because waiting until next week or simply treating symptoms with acetaminophen may result in a missed opportunity to address a potentially serious issue. Choice D is incorrect as it dismisses the child's symptoms as manipulation, which is not a responsible or evidence-based approach to healthcare.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide adequate hydration. Hypercalcemia in an immobilized child can be managed by ensuring adequate hydration to help promote renal excretion of excess calcium. Hydration helps prevent further calcium buildup in the blood and reduces the risk of complications. It is crucial to maintain a good fluid balance to support the kidneys in eliminating excess calcium. Changing position frequently (choice B) may help prevent complications related to immobility but does not directly address hypercalcemia. Encouraging a diet high in calcium (choice C) is contraindicated in hypercalcemia as it can exacerbate the condition. Providing a diet high in calories for healing (choice D) is important for overall nutrition but does not specifically target the management of hypercalcemia in an immobilized child.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because large granular lymphocytes are actually natural killer (NK) cells, not T cells. NK cells are part of the innate immune system, while T cells are part of the adaptive immune system. Megakaryocytes produce platelets, B cells differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies, and monocytes differentiate into macrophages to engulf pathogens. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are all correctly matched associations.