ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Test Questions
Question 1 of 5
The mother of a child with cystic fibrosis tells the nurse that her child makes 'snoring' sounds when breathing. The nurse is aware that many children with cystic fibrosis have:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nasal polyps often cause snoring-like sounds in cystic fibrosis kids, due to chronic sinus inflammation choanal atresia is congenital, septal deviations and adenoids less linked. Nurses recognize this, teaching airway clearance, supporting respiratory health in this genetic condition.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with a history of CVA. Which deficit is the client most likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) is common post-CVA, especially with brainstem or motor cortex damage vision loss depends on side, taste is less affected, and hearing isn't typical. Nurses assess this, preventing aspiration, key for stroke recovery.
Question 3 of 5
When an infant is vomiting uncontrollably, it is important for the nurse to assess which complications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Uncontrollable vomiting in infants leads to significant fluid and electrolyte loss, requiring careful nursing assessment. Acidosis (choice A) occurs when acid accumulates, typically from diarrhea, not vomiting. Alkalosis (choice B) results from losing gastric acid (HCl) through vomiting, raising blood pH, a common complication in infants with prolonged emesis, such as in pyloric stenosis. Hypokalemia (choice C) can also occur due to potassium loss in vomit, especially if vomiting persists, but it's secondary to the acid-base shift. Hyperkalemia (choice D) is unlikely, as vomiting depletes rather than increases potassium. Alkalosis is the correct answer (B) because the loss of acidic stomach contents directly causes metabolic alkalosis, a priority concern in infants due to their limited compensatory mechanisms. Nurses must monitor respiratory rate (to detect compensation) and administer fluids/electrolytes to correct this imbalance, preventing further complications like seizures or cardiac issues, emphasizing the urgency of early intervention.
Question 4 of 5
At term approximate placental weight is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The placenta grows throughout pregnancy to support the fetus. At term (37-40 weeks), its weight averages 500-600 g (choice B), about 1/6th of fetal weight, reflecting its role in nutrient exchange. 300 g (choice A) is too light, typical of earlier gestation. 700 g (choice C) or 900 g (choice D) suggest pathology (e.g., diabetes, hydrops). B is correct, aligning with obstetric norms. Nurses assess placental health post-delivery, noting weight and appearance, ensuring no retained tissue causes postpartum complications.
Question 5 of 5
What is the ratio of chest compressions to ventilations when two rescuers perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In pediatric CPR with two rescuers, efficiency improves. 30:1 (choice A) and 30:2 (choice B) are adult ratios. 15:1 (choice C) isn't standard. 15:2 (choice D) is correct for children (1 month to puberty), per AHA, balancing circulation and oxygenation with less interruption. Nurses coordinate compressions (100-120/min) and breaths, ensuring effective resuscitation.