The most common cell type of the endocrine pancreas is:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: B (beta) cells are the most abundant in the endocrine pancreas, producing insulin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cl^- activates salivary α-amylase; its optimum pH is ~6.9, it produces maltose (not glucose), and targets α-1-4 linkages, not lipids.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The renal threshold for glucose is ~180 mg/dL, above which glycosuria occurs.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cortisol is the corticoid that counteracts the inflammatory process. Thyroxine is secreted by the thyroid gland. Insulin is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. It is responsible for regulation of blood glucose levels. Norepinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation from the sympathetic nervous system. It functions as a pressor (causing blood vessel constriction) hormone to maintain blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The production of thyroid hormone is dependent on the intake of protein and iodine.