ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocyte in human peripheral blood, constituting about 40-60% of total leukocytes. They are key players in the innate immune system, involved in phagocytosis and killing of pathogens. Eosinophils (A) and basophils (B) are less abundant than neutrophils. Monocytes (D) are also important in immune responses but are present in lower numbers than neutrophils in peripheral blood.
Question 2 of 5
The client has a low hematocrit level. The nurse understands that this means that in the blood sample, there is not enough
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the blood sample. Step 2: Low hematocrit level indicates a decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes). Step 3: Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen in the body. Step 4: Lack of enough erythrocytes leads to anemia and decreased oxygen-carrying capacity. Step 5: Therefore, the correct answer is C: erythrocytes. Summary: A: Albumin is a protein in the blood, not directly related to hematocrit levels. B: Procoagulants help in blood clotting, not directly related to hematocrit levels. D: Agglutination refers to the clumping of cells, not directly related to hematocrit levels.
Question 3 of 5
Which hereditary disorder should be assessed in relation to hematological concerns? Select one that does not apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Asplenia. Asplenia is a condition where an individual lacks a spleen or has a non-functioning spleen. The spleen plays a crucial role in filtering blood and can lead to hematological concerns if absent. Sickle cell anemia (A), hemophilia (B), and thalassemia (D) are all hereditary disorders that directly affect blood composition or clotting factors, making them relevant to hematological concerns. However, asplenia does not directly involve blood disorders but rather impairs the immune system's ability to fight infections due to the spleen's role in immune response.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr. Available is a blood administration set that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual blood transfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Round to the nearest whole number.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To calculate the rate of infusion in gtt/min, we first need to find the total number of drops needed for 250 mL over 4 hours. 250 mL x 10 gtt/mL = 2500 drops total 4 hours x 60 min = 240 minutes 2500 drops / 240 min ≈ 10.4 gtt/min Since we need to round to the nearest whole number, the correct answer is 10 gtt/min (Choice A). Choice B (15 gtt/min), Choice C (20 gtt/min), and Choice D (25 gtt/min) are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the calculated rate of infusion based on the given information.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is in hypovolemic shock. While waiting for a unit of blood, the nurse should administer which of the following IV solutions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 0.9% sodium chloride. In hypovolemic shock, there is a loss of blood volume, so isotonic solutions like 0.9% sodium chloride are ideal to expand intravascular volume and help improve perfusion. This solution closely resembles the electrolyte composition of plasma, making it effective for fluid resuscitation. Explanation for other choices: B: 5% dextrose in water - This solution is hypotonic and not ideal for fluid resuscitation in hypovolemic shock as it may worsen the condition by diluting the remaining blood volume. C: Lactated Ringer’s - While this solution is isotonic and contains electrolytes, it may not be the best choice for hypovolemic shock as it contains potassium and lactate which may not be ideal in this situation. D: 0.45% sodium chloride - This solution is hypotonic and may not provide adequate volume expansion needed