ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The medical-surgical nurse performs a dressing change on a patient with a history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The patient questions why the wound is not healing. Recognizing a teaching opportunity, what response does the nurse offer the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In non-insulin-dependent diabetes (Type 2), poor wound healing often ties to hyperglycemia, impairing immune response and tissue repair. Asking about blood sugar monitoring (D) targets this, opening discussion on glycemic control. Carbs (A), exercise (B), and sleep (C) matter less directly, making D the best teaching response.
Question 2 of 5
ADH
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases water reabsorption (A) in the collecting duct via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. It doesn't affect sodium directly (B, D) or form AII (C), making A the primary role.
Question 3 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The descending limb (B) is passively permeable to water, allowing concentration via medullary osmosis. The proximal tubule (A) uses active sodium transport, collecting duct (C) requires ADH, and ascending limb (D) is impermeable, making B correct.
Question 4 of 5
The apical membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule cells is impermeable to bicarbonate ions.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The PCT apical membrane reabsorbs bicarbonate via Na+/H+ exchange and carbonic anhydrase, making it permeable (B), not impermeable (A). False reflects this active process, making B correct.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is INCORRECT?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone is made in the adrenal cortex (D), not hypothalamus/pituitary, making it incorrect. Na⺠reabsorption (A), K⺠secretion (B), and water effects (C) are true, so D is the error.